Two-Stage End-to-End Reconstruction of Long-Segment Tracheal Defects With a Bioabsorbable Scaffold Grafting Technique in a Canine Model Hisashi Tsukada, MD, PhD, Adnan Majid, MD, Michael S. Kent, MD, Armin Ernst, MD, Malcolm M. DeCamp, MD, Sidhu P. Gangadharan, MD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 93, Issue 4, Pages 1088-1092 (April 2012) DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.01.007 Copyright © 2012 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions
Fig 1 Computed tomography–traced metal marker in dog 1. (A) 1 week; original grafted area between arrows is 50 mm in length. (B) 9 months; grafted area shortened to 19 mm in length (62% decrease in defect length). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2012 93, 1088-1092DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.01.007) Copyright © 2012 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions
Fig 2 Bronchoscopic finding of the grafted area after stent removal at 9 months in dog 4. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2012 93, 1088-1092DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.01.007) Copyright © 2012 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions
Fig 3 Operative findings at second stage operation. (A) Contracted grafted area is delineated by yellow arrows. (B) Tension-free anastomosis completed. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2012 93, 1088-1092DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.01.007) Copyright © 2012 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions
Fig 4 Bronchoscopic appearance of reanastomosis site 2 months after the second stage operation in dog 1. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2012 93, 1088-1092DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.01.007) Copyright © 2012 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions
Fig 5 Tissue removed from the grafted area, revealing cuboidal epithelium without any evidence of cartilage regeneration or residual scaffold material. Hematoxylin and eosin stain (×200 original magnification). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2012 93, 1088-1092DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.01.007) Copyright © 2012 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions