Europe - Regions Use your sketch map of Europe to label the “Geographic Regions of Europe” Each region contains cultural (language, religion, customs) and physical (climates, landscapes) that distinguish it from the rest of Europe…

Specific time periods you need to know! History of Europe Specific time periods you need to know!

PREHISTORY Rise of Europe Farming spread from Africa to Southwest Asia (Middle East) to Europe somewhere between 40-60,000 years ago.

Early Migrations

Ancient Greece – 1200 – 300 BC Greece – formed separate communities called city-states. City – states – independent, but linked to others by Greek language and culture. Laid the foundation of European government and culture. Athens introduced western idea of Democracy Art, literature, drama, philosophy, and math are lasting legacies.

Greece Europe Middle East / Asia Northeastern Africa

Ancient Greece

The Roman Empire (27 BC – 476 AD) Rome – Conquered an empire that spanned much of Europe, southwest Asia, and Africa. Developments in government, law, and engineering influenced other cultures. Roads and bridges Aqueducts were also used – Their waterway system, indoor plumbing, running water, and sewer system. Republic (vs Greek direct democracy)

The Roman Empire

Coliseum

Christian Europe Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire in the form of Catholicism and eventually spread throughout all of the Western world. Two parts of Empire with two leaders: Byzantine = East Roman = West

Eastern and Western Roman Empire

The Fall of the Roman Empire There are several reasons why Rome fell. What do you think some of those are? Eastern half – lasted until 1400’s and their religion was known as Eastern Orthodoxy.

The Middle Ages 476 - 1453 Period between ancient and modern times. Feudalism – a system in which lords gave land to nobles in return for loyalty replaced civil governments. Roman Catholic Church preserved writing and knowledge Most people could not read or write

Art of the middle ages is very distinct

Feudalism and its function

Influence of other religious groups Jews – had cities and towns, made contributions, yet many Europeans considered them outsiders. Many settled in Eastern Europe where they formed their own culture. Islam – Belief in one God, and the preaching of Muhammad Significant Islamic culture developed in Spain

Black Plague Disease that spread across Europe from 1350 - 1450 Almost 100% mortality rate. Caused by fleas that were previously attached to rats. The bacteria in the rat blood, carried over in fleas to infect humans. 25,000,000 died (1 out of every three died…) Almost wiped out all of Europe

Black Plague

Black Plague Obsession with Death !

Flagellanti “Leeching” Attempts to Stop the Plague

Black Plague

Expansion of Europe Crusades – series of brutal religious wars to gain back Palestine (Israel), the birthplace of Christianity from the Muslims (1095 – 1272) Renaissance – A 300 year period of discovery and learning (1300 – 1600) Advances in European Civilization Inability of the Catholic Church to end the Plague caused doubt in religion, and caused many to look to science for guidance Interest in ancient cultures of Rome and Greece Stressed the importance of people and their place in the world Led to scientific advances, literature, and sculpture

Crusades

Crusades

Renaissance

Expansion of Europe Reformation (1517 – 1648) – religious movement that lessened the power of the Roman Catholic church. - Led to the Beginning of Protestantism - This led to religious wars where European monarchs had power over nobles and the Church

Reformation Martin Luther – leader of the Reformation

European Exploration (1760 – 1870) Europe conquest to find new land and goods. Wanted to beat Chinese and Muslim empires Significant Explorers: Christopher Columbus Ferdinand Magellan, Vasco DaGama

Areas of European Expansion Columbus probably never reached the North American mainland… This is a likely route based on historical writings (1492)

DaGama was the first to sail around Africa to India (1498)

Magellan was the first to sail around the entire world!

Enlightenment (1650 – 1800) Movement where educated Europeans emphasized the importance of reason and began to question traditions and values. Caused revolutions

Enlightenment

Revolutions People wanted a say in government, so they challenged the monarchs England, France, and others.

French Revolution (1789 – 1799) + = French Revolution Note: We wouldn’t have won independence from Britain if not for help from the French… + = French Revolution

Industrial Revolution Began in England and rapidly spread to other countries Machinery, industrial cities, and transportation were all new. Industrial Capitalism – emerged here when business leaders used profits to expand companies Emerged a middle class

Industrial Revolution

Communism Social problems between factory workers and others led to this Communism is a philosophy that called for a society based on economic equality in which workers controlled factories and industries.

WWI War between European powers Result – monarchies collapsed, several countries in Central and Eastern Europe, Versailles peace treaty – said the Germany was guilty and had to make Reparations. Reparations – payment for damages

WWI

WWII Extension of WWI Rise of Germany and Italy – dictatorships b/c of the Great Depression Most of the world involved Holocaust – the mass killing of more than 6 million Jews and others by German Nazi leaders

WWII

Holocaust

Cold War War after WWII Eastern Europe & Russia = Communist control Western Europe & U.S. = Democracy War of words and power between these two types of governments. Western Europe grew, while Eastern Europe lagged behind during this time. Germany split into two sides East & West

Cold War

New Era Eastern Countries pushed for independence Berlin Wall came down and Germany was reunited in 1990. Democracies emerged in Eastern Europe

European Union Emerged from Western European countries Goal was a united Europe where goods, services, and workers could move freely Euro – EU’s currency started in 1999 15 members, but looking to add Eastern Europe.

European Union