Claudin-1 polymorphism modifies the effect of mold exposure on the development of atopic dermatitis and production of IgE Ho-Sung Yu, MS, Mi-Jin Kang,

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Claudin-1 polymorphism modifies the effect of mold exposure on the development of atopic dermatitis and production of IgE Ho-Sung Yu, MS, Mi-Jin Kang, MS, Ji-Won Kwon, MD, So-Yeon Lee, MD, PhD, Eun Lee, MD, Song-I. Yang, MD, Young-Ho Jung, MD, Kyungmo Hong, Young-Joon Kim, MS, Seung-Hwa Lee, MS, Ha-Jung Kim, PhD, DVM, Hyung Young Kim, MD, Ju-Hee Seo, MD, Byoung-Ju Kim, MD, PhD, Hyo-Bin Kim, MD, PhD, Soo-Jong Hong, MD, PhD Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Volume 135, Issue 3, Pages 827-830.e5 (March 2015) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.10.040 Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 aOR for lifetime AD symptoms and total serum IgE levels according to mold exposure during the first year of life and CLDN1 polymorphism in the population-based study. A, Odds ratios for AD symptoms increased in children who had a history of mold exposure in infancy and the CLDN1 AG or GG genotype. There was significant additive interaction (P = .008), multiplicative interaction (P = .149), and trend (P = .001) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, family income, environmental tobacco smoke, and parental history of AD. *P = .003. †P = .006. B, The influence of the interaction between mold exposure and CLDN1 polymorphism on total IgE levels before stratification according to AD symptoms. C and D, The influence of the interaction between mold exposure during infancy and CLDN1 polymorphism on total IgE levels in patients with (+) or without (−) AD symptoms (P refers to the multiplicative interaction). Additive interaction P values were .035 for AD symptom (+) and .869 for AD symptom (−). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2015 135, 827-830.e5DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2014.10.040) Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 A, CLDN1 promoter activities of the G and A alleles (rs9290929), determined by luciferase assay (*P = .037). B, Decreased CLDN1 expression after mycotoxin (patulin) treatment of human keratinocyte (*P = .037). C, Immunohistochemical staining showed that CLDN1 protein level was reduced in the skin of patulin-treated mice relative to the negative control (saline). D, In the mouse model, patulin and ovalbumin (OVA + patulin) decreased the cutaneous expression of CLDN1, as shown by real-time quantitative PCR. Data are shown as means ± SE from 2 samples in triplicate, relative to the control (*P = .002, **P = .037). E, OVA + patulin treatment significantly increased serum IgE levels relative to the negative control group (saline) (n = 5 per group). Data are shown as means ± SE. P value was determined by using the nonparametric t test. *P < .001, **P = .008, and ***P < .001. GAPDH, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogen. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2015 135, 827-830.e5DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2014.10.040) Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions