Fundamental Causes of the Civil War

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Presentation transcript:

Fundamental Causes of the Civil War 4.1 Notes

Economical Key Differences NORTH Industrial Factories Manufacturing Big cities / urban Anti-slavery High population SOUTH Agricultural Plantations / Farms Small cities / rural Pro-slavery King Cotton = southern wealth Less populous

Political Causes Missouri Compromise Maintained balance of free/slave states 1818: Missouri requests statehood N. and S. debate issue of Slavery in MO Congress passes compromise Maine admitted as free state Missouri admitted as slave state Louisiana Territory split in two parts – divided at 36/30 N. latitude South of line, slavery is legal North of line, (except MO) is illegal

Statehood for California - 1850 CA constitution forbade slavery Alarmed/angered S. Assumed CA would be slave state because mostly below compromise line Wanted compromise to apply to territories west of Louisiana Purchase to ensure more slave states Threats of secession at Congressional debates - formal withdrawal of a state from the union

Compromise of 1850 CA admitted as free state Popular sovereignty for residents of New Mexico and Utah territories Right to vote for/against slavery Harsher fugitive slave laws Slaves not entitled to trial by jury Fines and imprisonment for those aiding fugitives

Kansas – Nebraska Act Sen. Stephen Douglas wanted popular sovereignty for KS and NE territories Problem = territories north of compromise line Legally closed to slavery Bill introduced to divide territory NE in north KS in south Became law in 1854 Repealed MO Compromise

“Bleeding Kansas” Race for Kansas Attempts to populate Kansas to win vote 1855 vote 1,000s of “border ruffians” crossed from MO to KS to vote illegally Gov’t set up at Lecompton - pro-slavery acts passed Abolitionists set up rival gov’t in Topeka Led to bloody violence

New Republican Party Opponents of slavery in territories United in opposition of Kansas-Nebraska Act Nominated John C. Fremont as candidate Fremont win could have caused immediate Southern secession Dem. James Buchanan won instead

Dred Scott Decision Owner took him from MO to free territory in IL and WI then back Appealed for freedom Supreme Court ruled against Scott He was not a citizen 5th Amendment protected “property”

Abraham Lincoln Elected 1860 Republican presidential candidate Appeared moderate in views Pledged to halt further spread of slavery Promised not to interfere with existing slavery Southerners still viewed him as enemy Democratic party split over slavery issues Divided Southern votes Lincoln victorious

Southern Secession Struggle over slavery viewed as conflict States’ right to self-determination VS. Federal gov’t control Felt Political voice in national gov’t was lost S.C. seceded – Dec. 20, 1860 MS, AL, GA, LA, TX, FL, VA, NC, TN, AR followed Confederate States of America formed Constitution written- “protected and recognized” slavery Jefferson Davis of MS elected president

Would the North allow the South to leave the Union without a fight? Key Question… Would the North allow the South to leave the Union without a fight?