Warmup A group of bright stars named for an animal, a mythological character, or an everyday object is known as a… Which of the following contributes to the transfer of thermal energy from place to place around the earth? The movement of ocean water, but not the movement of air The movement of air but not the movement of ocean water Both the movement of ocean water and the movement of air Neither the movement of ocean water nor the movement of air because thermal energy moves separately from the water and the air

Photosynthesis 1.1.4c Explain how solar energy is transformed into chemical energy through photosynthesis.

Particle Model of Light Sometimes light behaves like a stream of particles When a beam of light shines on some substances it causes tiny particles called electrons to move The movement of electrons causes an electric current to flow

Particle Model of Light Sometimes light can even cause an electron to move so much that it is knocked out of the substance This process is called the photoelectric effect

Particle Model of Light The photoelectric effect can be explained only by thinking of light as a stream of tiny packets, or particles of energy Each packet of light energy is called a photon Albert Einstein first explained the science behind the photoelectric effect in 1905

Photosynthesis The key cellular process involved with producing energy in plants is photosynthesis. Chlorophyll is a green pigment that absorbs sunlight. When chlorophyll absorbs light energy, much of that energy is transferred to the electrons in the chlorophyll molecule. These high-energy electrons are what make photosynthesis work.

Photosynthesis In the process of photosynthesis, plants use energy from sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into high-energy glucose and oxygen. The equation looks like this: 6CO2 + 6H2O + light  C6H12O6 + 6O2 carbon dioxide + water + light energy  glucose + oxygen

Photosynthesis In plants, photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts.

Photosynthesis The reactions of photosynthesis are split into two parts: the light-dependent reactions and the light- independent reactions also called the Calvin cycle. C6H12O6

Photosynthesis Many factors affect the rate of photosynthesis. A shortage of water can slow or stop photosynthesis. No water = no photosynthesis Temperature is also a factor since photosynthesis depends on enzymes that work best at temperatures above freezing. Cold temperatures = less photosynthesis, Warm temperatures = more photosynthesis The amount of light also affects the rate of photosynthesis More light means it happens faster, less light and it occurs slower