GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT UNIT 3 TODDLER

INTRODUCTION

PARENTING TYPES Laissez-Faire Democratic Autocratic

HEALTHY PARENTING Discipline goal Knowledge of physical / cognitive abilities Appropriate age characteristics Offer choices Rules Role model Respect

Healthy Parenting (cont) Seek misbehavior reason Patience Control yourself Be positive Resources

COMMON PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 1. slow & steady 2. > development than growth 3. Ht. – 4 inches/yr 4. Wt. – 4–6 lbs/yr. Body Proportions Face & Teeth 1. 2½ yrs = 20 teeth Bone Development Sensory

Characteristics (cont.) Gross Motor Development 1. 16 – 18 months = walks alone 2. 2 yrs. = runs, jumps with both feet 3. jumps on 1 foot, alternate climbs steps

Characteristics (cont.) Fine Motor Development 1. 16 – 18 months = objects in openings 2. 2 yrs. = tower of 6-7 blocks, undresses

ERIKSON PSYCHOSOCIAL TASK Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt 1. Autonomy 2. Shame & Doubt 3. Foster autonomy

FREUD PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGE Anal stage

Cognitive Development 0 – 2 yrs. = Sensorimotor Stage A. Trial & error B. Perfecting sensory/motor skills C. Object permanence

Cognitive Development (cont.) 2 – 7 yrs. = Preoperational Stage A. Egocentric B. Language skills, gestures, memory

Temper Tantrums WHY? PREVENTION HELPFUL HINTS

Speech Development

Toilet Training

Timing factors Physical maturity Mental development Child’s health Family attitude Happenings around child

Readiness Signs Shows discomfort Connects wet pants to puddle on floor Announcements Wakes up dry

Readiness Signs (cont.) Pauses, grimaces, clutches self Patience to sit 5 – 10 minutes Take off/put on own clothes Communication Curious

Principles of Toilet Training Preparation Process Tips Back up plan

Nutritional requirements Calorie requirements Eating habits ac & mealtime activity Food portions

Nutritional requirements (cont.) Food temperature Balanced diet Snacks Utensils Seating equipment

Bedtime Rituals

Do’s & Don’t’s Set a bedtime Verbal / visual signs Expect delays Be firm Limit bed toys Change routine gradually Keep it simple Normal hygiene Not in bed with you

Importance of Play Exercise Stimulation Emotional tension relief Teaching

Type of Play Parallel play Supervising the play A. Required B. Takes time to learn to share C. Suitable toys

Toddler Property Laws If I like it, it’s mine. If it’s in my hands, it’s mine. If I can take it from you, it’s mine. If I had it a little while ago, it’s mine. If it’s mine, it must never appear to be yours in any way. If I’m doing or building something, all the pieces are mine. If it looks like mine, it’s mine.

Safety Measures Automobiles Traffic Burns Falls Suffocation

Safety Measures (cont.) Choking Poisoning Drowning Electrical shock Animal bites Personal safety

Suspected abuse Article & questions for homework