Photosynthesis Pg 113

 What is essential to life? Energy is essential to life. All living organisms must be able to obtain energy from environment in which they live.

What are two types of feeders? Autotrophs – can make their own energy from inorganic substances. Heterotrophs – need energy from food.

 How do plants obtain this essential element? Trapping light energy in sunlight and storing in chemical bonds.

 How do animals obtain this essential element? By eating green plants. In that way, animals obtain the energy stored in plants.

Name some cell processes that require energy? Active Transport Cell Division Movement of Cilia and Flagella Production, Transport, and Storage of Proteins

 Recall. Name the macromolecule that provides our cells with quickest source of energy.   Carbohydrates Sugars

 Define photosynthesis. The process that uses the sun’s energy to make simple sugars is called photosynthesis. These simple sugars are then converted into complex carbohydrates, such as starches, which store energy.

 How many phases are there in the process of photosynthesis? 2

 Name Phase 1 Light-Dependent Reactions Describes what happens here. Converts sunlight into chemical energy (example: ATP molecules)

 Name Phase 2 Light-Independent Reactions or Calvin Cycle Describes what happens here. Uses ATP molecules to fuel the photosynthesis process to make simple sugars (glucose).

Name the 3 reactants needed for photosynthesis to occur. Carbon dioxide (CO2) Water (H2O) Sunlight

 Name the by-products of photosynthesis. Oxygen (O2) Sugars (glucose)

 Now, knowing the reactants and products, write the general equation for the process of photosynthesis.   6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Name the organelle (part of the cell) where photosynthesis occurs. Chloroplast

What are some factors that affect photosynthesis? Light Intensity Carbon Dioxide Levels Temperature

 Define ATP  Adenosine Triphosphate

 Forming and Breaking Down ATP 3 Types of energy molecules Adenosine --- AMP Adenosine monophosphate Adenosine --- -- ADP Adenosine diphosphate Adenosine --- -- -- ATP Adenosine triphosphate Takes a lot of energy to join together. Why? Has strong positive charge. Who has the most energy? ATP P P P P P P P

The Light Dependent Reaction takes place in the thylakoid. Pg 123 The Light Dependent Reaction takes place in the thylakoid. The Light Independent Reaction or Calvin Cycle takes place in the stroma.

Chloroplast Pigments In the thylakoids there are several pigments including Chlorophylls (reflect green light) Carotenoids (reflect yellow, orange, and brown) – masked by chlorophylls except during the fall because chlorophylls are no longer working.

Light Dependent Reaction BIG PICTURE: The pigments capture the light energy and converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.

Light Dependent Reaction Pg 116 Light Dependent Reaction

Light Independent Reaction or Calvin Cycle BIG PICTURE: Plants use the energy stored in ATP and NADPH to make sugars.