World War II and Its Aftermath Section 5: The End of World War II Witness History Audio: The War is Over! The War’s Aftermath After the war, people around the world came to realize the full extent of the Holocaust. The Allies put many Axis leaders on trial for “crimes against humanity.” Western Allies also built new governments in Germany and Japan that would give more power to the people. Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals. After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “What is Truman’s tone?” (serious; grateful to the people who served in the armed forces) “How does that contrast with the tone of the photograph and the newspaper headline?” (The couple kissing and the headline both show joy and excitement.) When showing Color Transparency 179, ask volunteers to read the names of the countries in each alliance aloud while other volunteers show their locations on a wall map of Europe. When the exercise is complete, discuss why the two alliances were sometimes referred to as “the West” (NATO) and “the East” (Warsaw Pact). 1 of 6

World War II and Its Aftermath Section 5: The End of World War II Establishing the United Nations The United Nations was established after the war to help keep peace among nations. The Security Council has the power to apply sanctions or send peace-keepers to try to resolve disputes. The UN has also worked to improve health and offer relief aid around the world. Note Taking Transparency 175 Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals. After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “What is Truman’s tone?” (serious; grateful to the people who served in the armed forces) “How does that contrast with the tone of the photograph and the newspaper headline?” (The couple kissing and the headline both show joy and excitement.) When showing Color Transparency 179, ask volunteers to read the names of the countries in each alliance aloud while other volunteers show their locations on a wall map of Europe. When the exercise is complete, discuss why the two alliances were sometimes referred to as “the West” (NATO) and “the East” (Warsaw Pact). The Alliance Breaks Apart After the war, the Soviets wanted to determine the fate of the Eastern European lands that it occupied. Stalin wanted communist governments installed in these countries as a protection against Germany. The U.S. and Britain were against the idea and wanted free elections in Eastern Europe. 2 of 6

World War II and Its Aftermath Section 5: The End of World War II New Conflicts Develop President Truman outlined a policy of resisting Soviet expansion around the world, which was called the Truman Doctrine. To help keep communism from taking hold in Western Europe, the U.S. sent billions of dollars in aid under the Marshall Plan. The Allies moved to strengthen the West German economy, while the Soviets dismantled much of East Germany’s industry. Tensions grew over the split within Germany, and distrust fueled the establishment of two alliances: NATO and the Warsaw Pact. Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals. After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “What is Truman’s tone?” (serious; grateful to the people who served in the armed forces) “How does that contrast with the tone of the photograph and the newspaper headline?” (The couple kissing and the headline both show joy and excitement.) When showing Color Transparency 179, ask volunteers to read the names of the countries in each alliance aloud while other volunteers show their locations on a wall map of Europe. When the exercise is complete, discuss why the two alliances were sometimes referred to as “the West” (NATO) and “the East” (Warsaw Pact). Color Transparency 179: NATO and Warsaw Pact Member Nations QuickTake Section Quiz Progress Monitoring Transparency QuickTake Chapter Test 3 of 6

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World War II and Its Aftermath: Section 5 Color Transparency 179: NATO and Warsaw Pact Nations 5 of 6

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