Tuesday 10 Minutes to finish any last questions on the Geologic Review Practice Test Whatever is not finished today will be assigned for homework One Test per table: Test are in Green Basket Reminder: Geology Test Monday Jan 11 No CHROME BOOKS OUT!! Work Quietly Please

Geologic Time Scale

Divisions of Geologic Time Eon – the longest unit of time on the Geologic time scale Era – a division of an Eon on the Geologic time scale Period – A block of time on the Geologic time scale in which rock layers were laid down; a subdivision of an Era Epoch – the shortest division of time on the Geologic time scale; a subdivision of a Period

Earth’s History Continued… Now that we have all of these pieces of evidence, we are able to reconstruct a timeline of Earth’s History…we call this timeline the Geologic Time Scale.

What do we call these major events or changes? Geologic Time Scale Geologic Time Scale – a timeline of Earth’s History divided by major events or changes on Earth What do we call these major events or changes?

Catastrophic Events Catastrophic Events – events that cause major destruction or change life completely Examples: Mass extinctions Ice Ages Meteor strikes Major volcanic eruptions

EONS – largest division of time 4 Eons of Time: 1. Hadean 2. Archean 3. Proterozoic 4. Phanerozoic The first 3 eons make up Precambrian Time which is 90% of Earth’s History! It lasted nearly 4 billion years of Earth’s 4.6 billion year history!

PRECAMBRIAN TIME MAIN EVENTS: After Earth & its moon were formed, there was… Major volcanic activity leading to the formation of Earth’s Crust! Oxygen levels in the atmosphere rise! Single-celled micro-organisms; simple multi- celled organisms, like sponges & jellyfish, in the ocean towards the end. NO animals or plants on land!

Phanerozoic Eon – 544 million years ago – present day Explosion of Life! Contains 3 Eras: Paleozoic Era – “Age of Amphibians” Mesozoic Era – “Age of Dinosaurs” Cenozoic Era – “Age of Mammals”

Paleozoic Era = “Ancient” 544 mya – 248 mya More diverse marine life such as fish and amphibians developed Life begins moving onto land towards the end of this era Reptiles, insects, and simple land plants like ferns developed Pangaea exists about 280 million years ago Ends with a Mass Extinction possibly from a meteor strike (???) – kills 90% of all ocean species and 70% of land dwellers!

Mesozoic Era = “Middle” 248 mya – 65 mya Pangaea begins to break apart about 200 million years ago! Dinosaurs rule the land! Small early mammals, birds, and more complex flowering plants and flying insects are seen Ends with another Mass Extinction due to meteor strike off the coast of Mexico Dust cloud blocked sunlight, killed plant life and affected the food chain

Cenozoic Era =“Recent” 65 mya – Present First primates appear Primitive whales enter the ocean Larger land mammals like horses, pigs (have hooves) cats, dogs, bears Animals developed migration techniques and coevolution patterns Quaternary Period = the past 2 million yrs Last Ice Age ends 1st modern humans leading to Homo Sapiens and modern civilizations

Human Geologic Timeline You will receive a card with an event from the Geologic Time Scale First you must decide which of the 4 corners you belong – Check your note guide! And then you must put yourselves in order within your era!

Geologic Time Scale Order Precambrian Time = Hadean, Archean & Proterozoic Eons Remember: This is 90% of Earth’s History! Earth formed (4.6 billion years ago) Earth’s moon forms (4.5 billion years ago) Earth’s crust formed (3.8 billion years ago) Single-celled organisms (1.4 billion years ago) Oxygen levels rise due to photosynthetic organisms Sponges (600 million years ago) Jellyfish (570 million years ago) Multi-celled organisms in the ocean only towards the end!

Geologic Time Scale Order Phanerozoic Eon – Paleozoic Era Pangaea begins to form should be in this era! Fish & Amphibians diversify marine life Reptiles! Early insects (like spiders & centipedes) First land plants like ferns developed ENDED WITH…?

Geologic Time Scale Order Phanerozoic Eon – Mesozoic Era Pangaea begins to break up should be first in this era! Dinosaurs rule the land! Small early mammals & birds More complex flowering plants & flying insects are seen ENDED WITH…?

Geologic Time Scale Order Phanerozoic Eon – Cenozoic Era First primates appear Primitive whales enter the ocean Larger land mammals like horses, pigs (have hooves) Then cats, dogs & bears Animals develop migration techniques & coevolution patterns Last Ice Age ended (11,000 years ago) “Modern” humans – Neanderthal Man Homo Sapiens (17,000 years ago-last species of human to survive extinction) Modern Civilization (10,000 years ago)

Geologic Time Scale Summary The Geologic Time Scale is divided by catastrophic events; not equal time segments! In general, life goes from simple to more complex! Most life occurs towards the end of the Geologic Time Scale!

The Day the Mesozoic Died Fill the video guide in for a completion grade while you watch the movie…make sure your answers are also accurate! 100 = complete 70 = incomplete

Geologic Time Scale Summary The Geologic Time Scale is divided by catastrophic events; not equal time segments! In general, life goes from simple to more complex! Most life occurs towards the end of the Geologic Time Scale!

The Clock of Eras The last comparison put Earth’s Geologic Time Scale into 1 year – but what if we put it into 1 day? http://www.youtube.c om/watch?v=H2_6cq a2cP4

Evidence of Earth’s Age Part 1- First Column Round 1 Evidence of Earth’s Age Part 1- First Column

The time it takes for 50% of a radioactive material to decay 1 The time it takes for 50% of a radioactive material to decay

Exact age of something – a number 2 Exact age of something – a number

A whole, or part of a whole organism that remains 3 A whole, or part of a whole organism that remains

Something that causes rock layers to be missing or messed up 4 Something that causes rock layers to be missing or messed up

Evidence left behind from an organism like a foot print 5 Evidence left behind from an organism like a foot print

A substance that is unstable and decays 6 A substance that is unstable and decays

Information about the climate based on the amount of rainfall 7 Information about the climate based on the amount of rainfall

8 Under normal conditions, the oldest rock is on the bottom and the youngest is on the top

Crack or shift in rocks that usually occurs due to an earthquake 9 Crack or shift in rocks that usually occurs due to an earthquake

10 A common organism that lived during a specific time – used as a reference to date other things

Evidence of Earth’s Age Part 2 Round 2 Evidence of Earth’s Age Part 2

Magma that pushed through the rock layers and hardens 1 Magma that pushed through the rock layers and hardens

Age compared to the ages of other things – general description 2 Age compared to the ages of other things – general description

3 A sample that gives up to 800,000 years of information about climate and events of the past

4 A type of fossil that looks identical to the original, but it is only a copy

5 Remains of a preserved organism (most general definition)

6 Used to figure out the absolute age of something very old or non-living

A version of an element that is used in radioactive dating 7 A version of an element that is used in radioactive dating

8 Used to figure out the absolute age of something that was once living or younger than 60,000 years old

Folding of rock layers due to erosion, gravity, or other factors 9 Folding of rock layers due to erosion, gravity, or other factors

The type of fossil that is an imprint of the organism 10 The type of fossil that is an imprint of the organism

Round 3 Geologic Time Scale

Smallest unit of time on the timeline of Earth’s History 1 Smallest unit of time on the timeline of Earth’s History

Most recent era; “Age of the Mammals” 2 Most recent era; “Age of the Mammals”

The first 3 Eons of Earth’s History; about 4 billion years

Something that causes major destruction or changes life completely 4 Something that causes major destruction or changes life completely

Second largest segment of time; broken into periods 5 Second largest segment of time; broken into periods

Middle era; “Age of the Dinosaurs” 6 Middle era; “Age of the Dinosaurs”

Largest segment of time; broken into eras 7 Largest segment of time; broken into eras

A timeline of Earth’s History separated by major events 8 A timeline of Earth’s History separated by major events

Third largest segment of time; broken into epochs 9 Third largest segment of time; broken into epochs

Ancient era; “Age of Amphibians” 10 Ancient era; “Age of Amphibians”