America secedes from the Empire

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Presentation transcript:

America secedes from the Empire Chapter 8 American Pageant, 13th. Ed.

Reluctance abounds May 1775 Second Continental Congress meets after Lexington & Concord Agrees to: More appeals to British Formation of Army & Navy Collection of money for “the cause” Appoint G. Washington head of Continental Army (political selection)

Formal rebellion May 1775 June 1775 July 1775 Ticonderoga & Crown Point Americans seize gunpowder & artillery June 1775 Bunker Hill (Breed’s Hill) High British casualties, American loss July 1775 C.C. adopts Olive Branch Petition, King George III rejects it; George proclaims colonies in rebellion (Aug. 1775); America in denial until Jan. 1776 (British burn Norfolk & hire Hessian mercenaries)

Rebellion continues October 1775 January 1776 March 1776 July 1776 Americans (under Montgomery & Arnold) invade Canada, hope to get French on their side; big oops! January 1776 British torch Norfolk, VA March 1776 British evacuated Boston; British look to NY for base July 1776 Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence adopted upon Enlightenment principles

War of Independence – from who? Redcoats vs. Patriots – big picture Loyalists (16%) vs. Patriots – smaller picture Tories vs. Whigs (factions in England) Campaigning for votes “political education” Loyalists (older & richer, Anglican); Patriots (younger & rebellious, more religously diverse)

Washington’s whereabouts July 1776 Outnumbered in NY thanks to arrival of British fleet (Battle of Long Island); Retreats to Manhattan then south December 26, 1776 Retreats to Delaware River & crosses to safety (Trenton, NJ) Captured Hessians Good escape or just lucky???

Washington’s whereabouts Pennsylvania 1777 Defeated at Brandywine Creek & Germantown Valley Forge New Jersey/New York 1778 Drove British out of NY, not decisively Virginia 1781 Yorktown (finale)

British Burgoyne British General John Burgoyne Fought against Gen. Benedict Arnold at Lake Champlain, lost Moved south through NY, hoping to meet with Washington in Philly but met again with Ben Arnold at Saratoga Trapped and surrendered Oct. 1777 British offer American home rule w/in the empire

France – friend or foe? France wanted revenge against Britain Ben Franklin used possible reconciliation to entice French alliance February 1777 – our first alliance War until win United States should have freedom Both would fight a common enemy Essentially conflict is a world war Provided guns & money, ½ of armed forces, Navy

Others join in Spain & Holland ally against British Armed Neutrality Alliance of passive countries against Britain (bark, but no bite) Russia, Scandinavia, Prussia, etc…

Start wrapping it up Loyalists in Southern colonies, overrun by British Gen. Nathaniel Greene outsmarted Cornwallis and won in Georgia & South Carolina Privateers “legalized pirates” helped America at sea Show down at Yorktown as French alliance pays off; Cornwallis surrenders

To Paris for peace September 1783 – Treaty of Paris John Adams, Ben Franklin, John Jay negotiated peace w/Britain British recognize American independence Granted boundaries to the Mississippi River and to Great Lakes Americans could not persecute Loyalists (yeah) Americans did owe British creditors(never paid)

And here we are!