Physical Properties of Matter By Ms. Dutton

What are Physical Properties and Changes? Physical properties can be __________________ or _______________ without changing the composition of matter. Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter. Observed Measured

What are Physical Properties and Changes? Physical properties include: appearance, texture, color, odor, melting point, boiling point, density, solubility, polarity, and many others.

What are Physical Properties and Changes? The three states of matter are: _____________, __________________, and _______________. The melting point and boiling point are related to changes of the state of matter. All matter may exist in any of three physical states of matter. Solid Liquid Gas Solid Liquid Gas

What are Physical Properties and Changes? Physical Changes: A physical change takes place _____________________ any changes in molecular composition. The same element or compound is present _____________ and _________________ the change. The same molecule is present throughout the changes. Physical changes are related to physical properties since some measurements require that changes be made. without before after

What are Physical Properties and Changes? Physical Changes: Melting Point: As solid matter is heated it eventually melts or changes into a liquid state at the melting point. Ice (a solid form of water) melts at ____ oC and changes to the liquid state. Boiling Point: As the liquid matter is heated further it eventually boils or vaporizes into a gas at the boiling point. Liquid water boils and changes into a gas, usually called steam or water vapor at _____ oC. In all three states the same molecules of water (H2O) are present. 100

Metric System Notes meter gram liter second In science class, we use the Metric System. The metric system is a system of measurement that is used by scientists all over the world. Most countries only use the metric system. In the metric system, we use root words and prefixes for our units. What is the base unit for each of the following measurements? Distance = _______________ Mass = _______________ Volume = _______________ Time = _______________ meter gram liter second

How many jumps does it take? Ladder Method kilo-   1000 k- Hecto-   100 H- 3 Deka-   10 D- 2 Basic Unit   Gram (g) Liter (L) Meter (m) 1 deci-   0.1 d- centi-   0.01 c- milli-   0.001 m- How do you use the “ladder” method? 1st – Determine your starting point. 2nd – Count the “jumps” to your ending point. 3rd – Move the decimal the same number of jumps in the same direction. 1000 mg = _________ g Starting Point Ending Point How many jumps does it take? 1 0 0 0 3 . 2 . 1 . = 1 g

Conversion Practice kilo-   1000 k- Hecto-   100 H- Deka-   10 D- Basic Unit   Gram (g) Liter (L) Meter (m) deci-   0.1 d- centi-   0.01 c- milli-   0.001 m- Write the correct abbreviation for each metric unit. Kilogram _____ 4) Milliliter _____ 7) Kilometer _____ 2) Meter _____ 5) Millimeter _____ 8) Centimeter _____ 3) Gram _____ 6) Liter _____ 9) Milligram _____  

Conversion Practice Try these conversions, using the ladder method. kilo-   1000 k- Hecto-   100 H- Deka-   10 D- Basic Unit   Gram (g) Liter (L) Meter (m) deci-   0.1 d- centi-   0.01 c- milli-   0.001 m- Try these conversions, using the ladder method. 10) 2000 mg = _______ g 15) 5 L = _______ mL 20) 16 cm = _______ mm 11) 104 km = _______ m 16) 198 g = _______ kg 21) 2500 m = _______ km 12) 480 cm = _____ m 17) 75 mL = _____ L 22) 65 g = _____ mg 13) 5.6 kg = _____ g 18) 50 cm = _____ m 23) 6.3 cm = _____ mm 14) 8 mm = _____ cm 19) 5.6 m = _____ cm 24) 120 mg = _____ g  

Metric Tools In the metric system, we have to know the proper tool to use for our measurements. What is the best tool to use for each of the following measurements? Distance = ___________ Mass = __________________ Volume = __________________ Time = ____________ Meter Stick Triple Beam Balance Graduated Cylinder Metric Timer

Length Lab Write the abbreviation for: Centimeter ________ Millimeter ________ Kilometer ________ Name the previous units in order of their size with the smallest first. _______________

In the metric system, we always use decimals, never fractions. Instructions 1. Look at the diagram of part of a metric ruler. Above it are some arrows with letters. 2. Look at the letter; determine the measurement from the ruler 3. You must always include a unit like centimeter in your answers (write the abbreviation AFTER the number). a. (centimeter) ______________________________ b. (meter) ______________________________ c. (millimeter) ______________________________ d. (kilometer) ______________________________ e. (meter) ______________________________ f. (centimeter) ______________________________ g. (millimeter) ______________________________

Use a metric ruler or meter stick to find each measurement. (a) Length of the line in centimeters ______   (b) Length of the line in millimeters _______

Mass Lab Choose items from the container on your table that will be closest to the targeted mass. You may use a single item or mix and match items to reach the targeted mass. Have your teacher check your estimates before you find the actual mass!

Mass Lab 1 gram 5 grams 10 grams 20 grams 50 grams 100 grams 200 grams Targeted Mass Item(s) Actual Mass   1 gram 5 grams 10 grams 20 grams 50 grams 100 grams 200 grams 400 grams

Mass Lab Circle the BEST metric unit for each. (1) Your mass: mg g kg (2) Amount of spices in a batch of cookies: (3) Mass of 10 pennies:

Volume Lab Part A: Count your drops! Take a guess - How many drops of water will it take to equal 1 milliliter? __________ drops Follow the directions to find the number of drops in 1 milliliter of water, and then answer the questions. You will need a small graduated cylinder (25 ml), a beaker of water, and an eyedropper for this section. (1) Fill a small graduated cylinder with 10 ml of water. (2) Count the number of drops it takes to raise the water to 11 ml. Record the number in the chart. (3) Leave the water in the graduated cylinder and count the number of drops it takes to raise the water to 12ml. Record the number in the chart. (4) Leave the water in the graduated cylinder and count the number of drops it takes to raise the water to 13ml. Record the number in the chart. (5) Calculate your average and round to the nearest tenth.

Volume Lab Part A: Count your drops! Based on your average, how close were you to your guess? ____________ Based on your average, how many drops would it take to make 1 liter? _________ # of drops to 11 ml # of drops to 12 ml # of drops to 13 ml Average  

Volume Lab Part B: Water Displacement Follow the directions to find the volume of three marbles using water displacement. (1) Add 20 ml of water to a 100 ml graduated cylinder. Record this amount in the chart. (2) Add three marbles to the cylinder and measure the volume. Record this amount in the chart. (3) Find the difference between the two measurements and record in the chart. The difference between the two measurements will be the volume of the three marbles.

Volume of water before adding marbles Volume Lab Part B: Water Displacement Volume of water before adding marbles   Volume of water after adding marbles Difference in volume Volume of 3 marbles

Volume Lab Part C: Volume by Formula Volume = length x width x height Use the formula to find the volume of the box. Measure to the nearest centimeter (no decimals) before calculating your answer. INCLUDE YOUR UNITS!!!! Volume = length x width x height _________ x _________ x _________ =_________