Bone Growth, Diseases, and Fractures
Formation of Bones Called ossification Can then grow longitudinally and horizonatally
Cells Involved in Bone Growth Osteoprogenitor cells Osteoblasts Osteocytes Osteoclasts
Osteoprogenitor Cells Nonspecialized cells that can turn into other cells as needed
Osteoblasts Actually form the bones by secreting of calcium and other minerals
Osteocytes Mature bone cells
Osteoclasts Tears down bone and help move calcium and minerals into the blood
Endochondral Ossification Shaped cartilage is replaced by bone as a child grows older
Bone Development Cartilage bone forms Periosteum surrounds it and the cartilage beings to break down Spongy bone is created by osteoblasts Compact bone replaces the spongy bone Spongy bone reforms within compact bone
Epiphyseal Plate Growth Plate Band of cartilage that allows for continued growth until it becomes ossified
Natural Bone Deterioration As the body ages the bones and cartilage deteriorates Total bone mass also gradually decreases as we age as well
Osteoporosis Disease where bone break down prematurely Causes bones to break more easily Occurs in women four times more than men
Arthritis Inflammation of the joints Cartilage, tendons, and joints becomes less flexible and decreases the range of motion
Scoliosis Abnormal curving of the spine which makes it appear in a ‘c’ or ‘s’ shape instead of a straight line
Types of Bone Fractures
Hairline Fracture Fine, fracture that does not completely break the bone
Simple Fracture Also known as a closed fracture A break without a puncture to the skin
Spiral Fracture When the bone is severely twisted
Greenstick Fractures Incomplete breaks Often occurs in children because they have softer bones than adults
Compression Fractures When a bone breaks due to increased pressure
Comminuted Fracture Bone is crushed to the point that it becomes fragmented
Compound Fracture Also known as an open fracture When the bone is pushed through the skin Deep tissues have the ability to be exposed to bacteria and infection can occur
How a Bone Heals Bone breaks and severs the blood vessels Blood clots and forms a fracture hematoma Helps stabilize the bone and line it up for mending Fracture hematoma is strengthened by collagen and becomes a soft callus Osteoblasts produce bone cells to form a bone callus Osteoclasts and osteoblasts work together to replace bone callus with harder compact bone