Biology, 9th ed,Sylvia Mader

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Presentation transcript:

Biology, 9th ed,Sylvia Mader Chapter 03 Nucleic Acids Polymers of nucleotides Very specific cell functions DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) Double-stranded helical spiral (twisted ladder) Serves as genetic information center In chromosomes RNA (ribonucleic acid) Part single-stranded, part double-stranded Serves primarily in assembly of proteins In nucleus and cytoplasm of cell Organic Chemistry

The Nucleotides of Nucleic Acids Biology, 9th ed,Sylvia Mader Chapter 03 The Nucleotides of Nucleic Acids Three components: A phosphate group, A pentose sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and A nitrogenous base (4 kinds in DNA, 3 kinds in RNA, 3 common to both) Nucleotide subunits connected end-to-end to make nucleic acid Sugar of one connected to the phosphate of the next Sugar-phosphate backbone Organic Chemistry

Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids are compounds made of long, repeating chains called nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains: a sugar molecule a phosphate molecule, and a base molecule.

DNA and nucleic acids DNA is a nucleic acid . A DNA molecule is twisted in a double helix arrangement This model shows a short piece of the flattened DNA ladder. A DNA molecule is usually twisted and much longer.

DNA Each side of the ladder is made of: 5-carbon sugars called deoxyribose and phosphate groups.

DNA There are four nitrogen bases in two matched pairs.

Biology, 9th ed,Sylvia Mader Chapter 03 Nucleotides Organic Chemistry

a b Cytosine and thymine are derivatives of the compound pyrimidine, and as a result are referred to as pyrimidine bases. Adenine and guanine are derivatives of the compound purine , and as a result are referred to as purine bases.

Nucleic Acids Sstructure of a phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar group, and bases adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. * indicates the site where the base bonds to the C1 deoxyribose carbon atom.

Biology, 9th DNA Structure Chapter 03 Organic Chemistry

Comparison of DNA & RNA Feature DNA RNA Sugar Bases Strands Helix Biology, 9th Chapter 03 Comparison of DNA & RNA Feature DNA RNA Sugar Deoxyribose Ribose Bases Cytosine, guanine; adenine, thymine Cytosine, guanine; adenine, uracil Strands Double-stranded; Pairing across strands Mostly single stranded Helix Yes No Function Heredity; cellular control center Interprets genetic info; protein synthesis Where Chromosomes of cell nucleus Cell nucleus and cytoplasm Organic Chemistry

Biology, 9th Chapter 03 Other Nucleic Acids ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is composed of adenine, ribose, and three phosphates In cells, one phosphate bond is hydrolyzed – Yields: The molecule ADP (adenosine diphosphate) An inorganic phosphate molecule pi Energy Other energy sources used to put ADP and pi back together again Organic Chemistry