The Rise of Dictatorships and the Totalitarian State 2/22/2019 8:18 PM The Rise of Dictatorships and the Totalitarian State © 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

Events of the 1930s North America – Depression (spills over to Europe) Other countries experiencing social and political upheaval during this time Communism - public ownership seen as a viable alternative (Soviet Union is not suffering as bad as “capitalist” nations) Strong military presence Leaders became dictators once in power

Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union Took over after Lenin’s death Ruthless and cruel Agricultural and economic policies resulted in the death of millions of Soviet workers Created totalitarian state every aspect of lives was controlled by government

Benito Mussolini - Italy Came to power 1922 Know as “Il Duce” (The Leader) Created fascist government Opposed to democracy Nationalistic Rely on military Control all media and use propaganda

Situation in Germany Angry about the terms of the Treaty of Versailles Economy was ruined Massive inflation Value of currency decreased - costs increased Britain, France and the U.S. gave better terms for reparations Stock Market crash in 1929 hit Germany harder than most countries

Adolph Hitler - Germany Hitler and the Nazi Party offered solution to Depression 1933 Hitler became Chancellor Stopped all reparation payments Massive expansion of armed forces Created massive public works- Autobahn Unemployment went down/ economy was on the rise

Consolidating Power Nazi’s abolished all political parties Trade unions were banned Ruled through intimidation and fear Racism: Germans “Master Race” Persecuted: Jews, Slavs, Gypsies, Mentally ill, Homosexuals Prohibited from schools, jobs, government

Emperor Hirohito - Japan Strong nationalism and racial superiority Parliament had little power because government ministers answered only to Emperor Strengthened empire by conquering weaker nations and seizing their resources