Lower Limb Osteology Hip Knee Ankle Foot

Hip Osteology

Pelvis Sacrum coxal (hip) bones coxal (hip) bones

Pelvis

Review Hip The pelvis resembles two fish eating a butterfly. The butte rfly is the sacrum - fig. 2-11). The bodies of the fish are the bodies of the ilium. Each fish has 2 tail fins. The "superior" fin of each fish is touching the "superior" tail fin of the other (in the region of the symphysis pubis).The super ior tail fin is the pubis. The inferior ta il fin isthe ischium. In adults all these bones are fused. There is a back fin (the acetabulum). Attached to the inferior tail fin (ischium) within the pelvis is the ischial spine. The chin of the fish is the arcuate line. The true pelvis lies between the two fish below the level of the arcuate lines.The false pelvis lies above the arcuate lines and includes the area covering the fishes' faces and bodies.

X-Ray of Hip

Movements of the Hip Joint 1. Femoral-on-Pelvic Osteokinematics: rotation of the femur about a fixed pelvis 2. Pelvic-on-Femoral Osteokinematics: rotation of the pelvis over fixed femurs Names of Movements: Flexion and Extension in Sagittal Plane Abduction and Adduction in Frontal Plane Internal and External Rotation in the Horizontal Plane 11

Knee osteology

Tibia Proximal end

Tibiofemoral (knee) Joint

Attachments

Strengthening Anterior Aspect of Knee Joint Patellar ligament Strengthening Anterior Aspect of Knee Joint

Leg and Ankle

Arches of the Foot

Head Osteology Cranium Facial skeleton

Orbital cavity Orbital margin Nasal cavity Maxilla

Skull posterior

Zygomatic arch Temporal fossa

Occipital bone