Synchrotron Science and User Program A Brief Update Presented to the SLAC SPC Keith O. Hodgson, SSRL Director May 7, 2004 Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center

A Strategic Vision Built Upon Enabling Evolutionary and Revolutionary SR Accelerator Facilities at SSRL/SLAC FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 constr/install operation 3 GeV, low emittance intermediate energy x-ray light source (18 nm-rad), high current (500 mA) - providing enhanced photon beams (1-2 orders of magnitude more flux and brightness than SPEAR2) 7-month installation complete (on time and within budget) – first commissioning phase also complete - user program has resumed (March, 2004) Expansion capacity for new beam lines – 7 ID and 14 bend – first two ID lines already in design/construction – soft x-ray and hard x-ray undulators constr commis / operation Pioneering experiment begun in 2003 (ends in 2006) using SLAC linac with added bunch compressor and undulator to produce 80 fsec x-ray pulses First direct experience with properties and applications of a high brightness, short pulse linac driven x-ray light source. Strong synergy between accelerator and photon science and valuable experience for LCLS science and technology World’s first x-ray FEL - in 2nd year of PED funding - CD2a approval by DOE (6/03) authorizes advance procurements ($30M) - in FY2005 President’s budget Technically sufficiently mature and risks well understood to begin construction in FY2006 with first laser commissioning in early FY2008 (Fall, 2007) and project completion by beginning of FY2009 Substantial headroom for future expansion of both performance and capacity to serve the Nation’s needs through the next decade and beyond Project Engineering and Design construction constr / commis operation Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center

SPEAR3 – Off to a Spectacular Start – I

SPEAR3 – Off to a Spectacular Start – II On March 8 – first beam was brought into an experimental hutch (BL9-3). BL9-3 was also the first station to be scheduled for users, who measured the first data set on March 15 – within than a year after the start of the SPEAR3 installation. Benefits of the at-energy injection have become immediately clear – typical fill times are a few minutes as compared to 20-30 minutes with SPEAR2. Systems are in place to implement top-off mode in the future once other goals (stable high current running) have been achieved and radiation safety questions/issues have been worked out. Lifetimes rapidly improving and just now going to 3 fills/day.

SPEAR3 – Off to a Spectacular Start – III As of early May, 2004 – 7 of 11 beam lines have been certified by radiation physics and opened. On these beam lines, 13 experimental stations are now operational and scheduled. Additional stations are being brought on line at a rate of about 1 per 2 weeks. Due to funding and manpower limitations, several stations (e.g. BL4-1 and BL4-3) are delayed into FY2006. On January 29 – SLAC held a gala celebration to dedicate the new SPEAR3 accelerator – event drew more than 800 people from SLAC, Stanford, and the local and regional communities

SPEAR3 – Off to a Spectacular Start – IV First measurements and user experimental results already demonstrating significant benefits coming from higher brightness and improved stability The in-hutch image of the beam (BL9-3) shows banding typical of a wiggler viewed at the 5-mrad off-axis. Effect could not be seen with SPEAR2 ring as its source size was too large for radiation from each pole pair to be resolved. Structure of neurotoxin in complex with protein target, solved using S-enhanced anomalous scattering (BL9-2). Illustrates how challenging structures are being solved with SPEAR3 data. (A. Brunger and collaborators, unpublished) Example of low-concentration Zn XAS data collected on BL9-3 operating on SPEAR3. The sample was a frozen aqueous solution of Zn2+-bound MerR with a Zn concentration of 86 M. The data represent a single 22-min scan. Under SPEAR2, comparable data would have taken at least 10-fold longer to acquire, possibly without ever achieving as high S/N at high k (JE Shokes, L Song, AO Summers, RA Scott, unpublished). SPEAR3 now serves an already established, productive and growing user community (2052 users on 400 active proposals at the beginning of SPEAR3 operations in March, 2004); oversubscription for the commissioning run has simply been fierce.

Existing Complement of Beam Lines SPEAR3 – Beam Lines and Expansion Capacity Existing Complement of Beam Lines 31 experimental stations on 11 beam lines (4 bend and 7 ID) BL13 ID BL12 New Beam Lines SPEAR3 – capacity in fully built out phase for 18 bend and 14 ID beam lines – space for up to 14 new bend and 7 new ID lines First two new ID beam lines in advanced stages of design and soon to begin construction BL12: Hard x-ray in-vacuum undulator beam line for macro- molecular crystallography funded by Moore gift to Caltech ($12.4M of which comes to SSRL) – opns. Q1/07 BL13: Soft x-ray variable polarization undulator beam line for speckle, microscopy and spectroscopy on nanoscale materials - funded by DOE-BES – opns. Q4/06 Near Term Opportunities 6 m East Pit straight - double waist chicane for 2 ea ID BL w/ small gap undulators 2 ea 3.8 m matching straights 2 ea 2.3 m standard straights 3 ea bend magnet source points

LCLS – a New Dimension in X-ray Science Schedule FY2005 Long-lead purchases for injector, undulator FY2006 Construction begins FY2007 FEL commissioning begins September 2008 Construction complete – operation begins Technical risks well understood – LCLS is ready for construction start Utilizes existing infrastructure (SLAC Linac) and talent/resources at SLAC, ANL, LLNL, and UCLA to build in a cost effective and very timely manner 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 FY2008 FY2009 Construction Operation FY2001 FY2002 FY2003 FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 CD-1 CD-2a CD-2b CD-3a CD-3b CD-0 Title I Design Complete XFEL Commissioning CD-4 Critical Decisions Approved

LCLS – a Future with Higher Performance and Capacity LCLS conventional facilities and infrastructure being designed with future expansion capabilities in mind – space for 8 or more additional undulator lines, each serving multiple stations fanning out on either side of the first-phase LCLS complex. The SLAC linac can already accelerate macropulses containing up to ~60 electron bunches at 120 Hz, if a high repetition rate gun is added. This makes it possible to serve multiple beam lines at high average brightness. In the future, even higher bunch density trains are possible by making use of the full SLAC linac. Several technical approaches are being developed to provide for ultrafast x-ray photon pulses (as short as around 1 fsec or even into the attosec regime). Higher energy electron beams can provide higher photon energies. Self seeding can be implemented for enhanced temporal coherence and intensity control.

LCLS – the Science Program Call for Letters of Intent Broad call issued in April Replies due June 21 LCLS SAC meets July 8-9 FEL Center Proposal being submitted to DOE-BES this week Initial focus is three main and two exploratory areas Faculty and research activities housed in central LOB

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And All This is Only Possible with Strong Support of . . . SSRL operations and research in materials science and chemistry is funded by the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences Additional support for the SSRL structural biology program is provided by LCLS Major Collaborating Institutions LLNL UCLA