Can Technology Save Us? Smart pigs, SCADA, Integrity management, and Leak detection – What more could we need? Dr. Tom Bubenik, CC Technologies, Inc. – a DNV Company Restoring Trust in Pipeline Safety Conference New Orleans, Louisiana November 2, 2006 Can Technology Save Us? Smart pigs, SCADA, Integrity management, and leak detection- what more could we need? Tom Bubenik, Vice President Integrity Services, CC Technology Andy Drake, P.E., General Manager of Technical Services for Duke Energy Gas Transmission Don Deaver, President, Deatech Consulting, Houston, Texas Representative from Battelle

Background and Qualifications 27 years of experience 2004-present: CC Technologies, Director of Integrity Services 1990-2003, Battelle, Program Manager, Manager of Pipeline Technology Center 1979-1990, Exxon Production Research, Research Scientist, General Expertise Material properties Stress analyses, applied mechanics, post yield behavior, fracture mechanics Degradation mechanisms Inspection and monitoring technologies Failure modes and effects Risk analyses Specialized Expertise (Pipeline Related) Defect assessment – corrosion, mechanical damage, cracking, etc. Degradation - stress corrosion cracking, fatigue, fracture, overload, etc. Smart pigging – magnetic flux leakage, ultrasonics, etc. Repair – selection, implementation Monitoring, etc. Version 22 February 2019

Real World We know about damage mechanisms… but we don’t always know when or where degradation occurs or about all factors that affect the damage… We know how to find some types of damage… but we can’t find everything nor can we… learn all there is to know about existing damage… Version 22 February 2019

Can Technology Save Us? Four key issues: Mother nature Costs and benefits Technology Perfection Version 22 February 2019

Can Technology Save Us? Mother nature is a wonderful equalizer. She works diligently to undo what man creates. We need to be continually vigilant. Problems will never stop. Version 22 February 2019

Can Technology Save Us? There is always a cost/benefit ratio. Everything has a price and there are trade-offs between the activities we choose. Version 22 February 2019

Can Technology Save Us? Technology has limitations. No technology, or combination of technologies, “does it all.” Version 22 February 2019

Can Technology Save Us? Nothing is perfect. All engineering materials have variations. We don’t always know what we don’t know. We’re going to make mistakes. Version 22 February 2019

The Question at Hand Can technology save us? From what? When? Where? How? At what cost? Etc. Version 22 February 2019

Can Technology Save Us – From What? The problems we know about and the problems we don’t: Threat identification and assessments are essential. We also need to look for problems that may be on the forefront. Version 22 February 2019

Can Technology Save Us – When? Whenever we can, but not always: Before people or the environment are significantly threatened. We need to understand how and when degradation occurs. Version 22 February 2019

Can Technology Save Us – Where? Where people and/or the environment is threatened: Risk assessments are important tools. We need to recognize all tools have limitations and not rely on only one tool in the toolbox. Version 22 February 2019

Can Technology Save Us – How? With proven and evolving technologies: Smart pigs, SCADA, Integrity management, and leak detection… We need to strive to develop new and evolving technologies even though they aren’t perfect. Version 22 February 2019

Can Technology Save Us – At What Cost? Cost/benefit ratios alone are not the answer. They are the starting point. We need to add the uncertainties and intangibles. We need to ask whether our plans are realistic, reasonable, and rational. Version 22 February 2019

Back to the Question at Hand Can Technology Save Us? Yes. Provided we know what problems we need to address. Yes. Provided we know when to apply the tools we have. Yes. Provided we look in the right places. Yes. Provided we use proven and evolving technologies. Yes. Provided we consider cost/benefit ratios but not let them drive the process. Version 22 February 2019

Can Technology Save Us? Technology can “save us: if we know how and where to use it by: Continuing to develop an understanding of how pipelines degrade and fail. Developing and trying new technologies, recognizing they will not be perfect. Learning from our mistakes. Version 22 February 2019

Lead, Follow, or Get Out of the Way – Don’t get stuck in the middle! Version 22 February 2019

Planning is important Version 22 February 2019

As is balance… Version 22 February 2019

We Are Not In Over Your Head! Version 22 February 2019