Reconstruction

Questions to Answer How can the South be reintegrated into Union? Would Southern states be treated as defeated territories or quickly be returned to the Union? Who would set the requirements for readmission? Would Confederate leaders be punished? What would happen to the 3.5 million freemen

Lincoln’s Plan (10% Plan) 10% take oath of allegiance Presidential pardons needed for Confederate leaders

Wade-Davis Bill Each Confederate state ruled by military governors 50 % eligible voters declare allegiance Lincoln pocket-vetoed bill

Johnson’s Plan All states could return to Union Southerners who took oath of allegiance received pardons State must ratify 13th Amendment

Impact South hasn’t changed Black codes Former confederates in office (Alexander Stephens) Black codes Goal: to ensure stable labor force Racial segregation, prohibited jury service and intermarriage and had economic restrictions

Congress v. Johnson Shut South out of Congress Freedmen’s Bureau Bill Civil Rights Bill Johnson’s vetoes it all!

14th Amendment 1866 Citizenship Nullified Dred Scott Denied power to former Confederates

Congressional Reconstruction Radical Republican Congress gains 2/3 majority Reconstruction Act of 1867 Military districts Must ratify 14th Amendment and permit black suffrage

Impeachment Tenure of Office Act Johnson’s defiance with Stanton Republicans fall one vote short!

Another Amendment?! Prohibited denial of suffrage by states to any citizen on account of race, color or previous condition of servitude Loopholes Women were furious!

The New South By 1870, all Confederate states rejoined Union New Electorate White voters Freedmen Carpetbaggers Scalawags

Counterattacks Democrats Jim Crow Laws KKK Worked to intimate black voters Confederate veterans Enforcement Acts

Freedom?! Ill prepared Mobility Black institutions Southwest Cities Search for family Black institutions Churches Schools

Land Jim Crow Laws Southern Homestead Act Sharecropping Panic 1873 led to more blacks doing this Crop-lien economy