Examples 1) Sam (NY) places an ad in a New York newspaper to sell his rare sports car. Susan (Calif) buys it. She drives it to California and finds it is defective. Can she file suit against Sam in California? 2) What if Sam knew that Susan liked rare sports cars, and had phoned her in California to offer her the car? The California Court cannot exercise personal jurisdiction over Sam. To have minimum contacts D must have purposely availed himself of the privilege of conducting activities within the state i.e. he must have deliberately sought to conduct activities in the state. Here Sam has not done this. He may be aware that Susan is from California, but he did not solicit business from California – his ad was in a NY newspaper. He might be able to foresee that the car will be used in California, but foresight is not intention. 2) The California Court may be able to exercise personal jurisdiction over Sam. He specifically targeted California via “direct advertising”, selling a product to be used in California, which can be said to create minimum contacts. If a company deliberately seeks business in a state, for example by advertising their products on local TV or in local newspapers, they have created minimum contacts

Specific long-arm personal jurisdiction Sam (NY) now punches Fred (Calif) in New York. Can Fred sue Sam in California? No. The fact that Sam deliberately targeted Susan in California to buy the sports car may mean that California can exercise personal jurisdiction over Sam in suits arising from that act, i.e. related to the sale of the car. However it does not create jurisdiction in relation to any other suit.