Smartphone-based screening for visual impairment in Kenyan school children: a cluster randomised controlled trial Hillary K Rono, MMed, Andrew Bastawrous,

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Smartphone-based screening for visual impairment in Kenyan school children: a cluster randomised controlled trial Hillary K Rono, MMed, Andrew Bastawrous, PhD, David Macleod, PhD, Emmanuel Wanjala, MMed, Gian Luca Di Tanna, PhD, Prof Helen A Weiss, PhD, Prof Matthew J Burton, PhD The Lancet Global Health Volume 6, Issue 8, Pages e924-e932 (August 2018) DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30244-4 Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Vision screening methods used in school children (A) Standard screening with a Tumbling-E card. (B) Peek Acuity screening app used on a smartphone. (C) Peek referral card showing the vision of the child and the referral instructions. (D) Parent receiving an SMS message with instructions after screening. SMS=short message service. The Lancet Global Health 2018 6, e924-e932DOI: (10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30244-4) Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Location of primary schools in each study group in Trans Nzoia County, in relation to Kitale hospital, Kenya The Lancet Global Health 2018 6, e924-e932DOI: (10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30244-4) Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Trial profile The Lancet Global Health 2018 6, e924-e932DOI: (10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30244-4) Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Kaplan-Meier analysis of time from screening to attendance at the hospital ophthalmology clinic SMS=short message service. The Lancet Global Health 2018 6, e924-e932DOI: (10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30244-4) Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions