Anatomy & Histology of The Stomach Prof. Abdulameer Al-Nuaimi E-mail: a.al-nuaimi@sheffield.ac.uk E. mail: abdulameerh@yahoo.com

Pyloric part antrum

Stomach

Stomach bed Sagittal section Suprarenal gland Splenic art

Stomach bed

Posterior relation of stomach

Blood supply of stomach Celiac artery

(T6 – T10)

Nerve supply of stomach Sympathetic from T5, T6, T7, T8 segments

Histology of the stomach Normal Histological Features of the stomach: The gastric mucosa consists of surface epithelium, gastric pits and gastric glands. The gastric glands extends in the mucosa, from the muscular mucosae to the stomach lumen; they open via gastric pits. The cells lining the surface and gastric pits are identical throughout the stomach, they are mucous secreting cells (Goblet cells) Glands  differ in different regions of the stomach.

Cardiac area  Type of glands Small area of predominantly mucus secreting glands surrounding the entrance of the oesophagus. Glands are less coiled than in the pyloric antrum glands. The pits are shorter than the pyloric antrum pits. Fundus and body Consists of straight, tubular glands they secrete gastric juices, as well as protective mucus.The glands contain mucous cells (secrete mucus), oxyntic = parietal cells (secrete acid and intrinsic factor), Peptic cells= chief cells ( secrete pepsinogen enzyme). Endocrine cells (secrete gastrin) Pyloric portion Branched glands open into deep irregular shaped pits. Composed of mucus secreting cells. It contains Scattered 'G' cells (endocrine cells secrete gastrin).

Types of cells present in the stomach: Mucous secreting cells on the mucosal surface (goblet cells)- Line the luminal surface of the stomach and gastric pits and gastric glands. Produce mucus and bicarbonate.  Mucous cells are also present in the neck of glands Parietal cells (oxyntic cells)- Distributed throughout the length of the gland , but are numerous in the middle portion.  Large, rounded cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and centrally located nucleus. Produce gastric acid.

Chief cells (peptic or zymogenic cells)- Clustered at the base of the gland. Identified by basally located nuclei and strongly basophilic granular cytoplasm. Produce pepsinogen, digests protein.

Fundus and body gastric gland Oxyntic cells Chief cells (peptic cells)

Pyloric region

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