Bellwork What was the highlight of your winter break?

What changes did western expansion bring to America during the Gilded Age?

Review: Why did settlers move west? Railroad Transcontinental Jobs and markets Mining Gold and Silver (Black Hills, Silverton) Cattle Cowboys Barbed Wire Farming Homestead Act Exodusters

Cultures Clash on the Prairie Take notes on your own sheet of paper.

The Gilded Age brought devastation to the Indians By the end of the Civil War in 1865, 2/3 of all Indians lived on the Great Plains Plains Indians like the Sioux, Comanche, and Cheyenne tribes were dependent upon the buffalo and the horse

In the 1830s, Jackson used the Indian Removal Act to relocate Indians to lands west of the Mississippi River... …This “Indian Country” was located in the Plains and was protected from white settlers

…as a result, Indians were concentrated onto small reservations In the 1840s, Manifest Destiny led to the acquisition of new western territories... …as a result, Indians were concentrated onto small reservations

…This led to a series of violent conflicts known as the “Indian Wars” The flood of miners, ranchers, and farmers during the Gilded Age violated Indian territories… …This led to a series of violent conflicts known as the “Indian Wars”

The “Indian Wars” Sand Creek Massacre The Battle of Little Bighorn Wounded Knee Massacre Sand Creek Massacre The Battle of Little Bighorn Wounded Knee Massacre

Bellwork Describe the who, what, where, when, and why of two of the following events: Sand Creek Massacre Battle of Little Bighorn Wounded Knee Massacre

1850s—created smaller reservations designated to specific tribes In 1834, the federal government designated the entire Great Plains as one reservation (land designated for all Natives) 1850s—created smaller reservations designated to specific tribes Treaty of Fort Laramie—Guaranteed the Black Hills to the Sioux/Lakota Indians; forced to live on reservation (forced upon leaders—some never signed)

Many Natives refused to acknowledge treaties and continued to hunt on traditional lands—frequent conflicts with settlers/miners

Sand Creek Massacre: 150 Cheyenne and Araphoe (mostly women & children) massacred by colonel John Chivington and his militia in CO

In the 1870s, Americans flooded into Sioux territory in South Dakota (Black Hills) when gold was discovered Battle of Little Bighorn: The Sioux, led by Sitting Bull, retaliated by ambushing Colonel Custer and all 197 soldiers in the Seventh Cavalry

The Dawes Act (1887) Aim=Americanize the Native Americans (assimilation) Broke up reservation land and gave to individual Natives rather than tribes Sold remaining land (2/3 of “reserved” land) to settlers—profits were supposed to be given to Natives but never actually were

The most effective way to defeat the Indians was by killing off the buffalo Hunters killed buffalo for their hides to sell in the East and for sport The U.S. government and railroad companies hired hunters to kill buffalo

A hunter could kill 100 buffalo per day; The buffalo hunters in the West killed as many as 3 million per year By the end of the Gilded Age, less than 1,000 buffalo remained in the Plains Buffalo skulls By 1900 only one herd remained (less than 100) located in Yellowstone

The last Indian battle was Wounded Knee in 1890 The U.S. army attacked the Sioux after tribal leaders refused to stop their “ghost dances” At Wounded Knee, 200 men, women, and children were killed; Ended the Indian Wars

By 1890, Indians were restricted to small reservations in isolated locations

Unit 6 Quad 1 Complete both parts of Chronology Quad Staple together, make sure your name is on it, place in the box Work on your vocabulary

Exit Slip Discuss (in detail) the impact new settlers had on the West following the Civil War.