26. Islamic History (Period of khilafat-e- Rashida,Ummayyads,Abbasids) Course Instructor & Clusterhead Islamic Studies: CDR(R) Ahsan-ul-Haq

1.HAZRAT ABU BAKAR SIDDIQUE: Name: Abdullah Surname: Abu Bakar Title: Siddique and Atique Fathers name: Usman Fathers surname: Abu Quhafa.Total khilafat;2 years 3 months 9 days Died ; 634 AD Mothers name: Salma Mothers surname: Umul khier Tribe: Banu taim Born: 573 AD Total no of sons;3(Abdullah,AbdulRehman,Muhammad) Total no of Daughters;3(Umm-e-kulsom,Asma,Aisha) Important achivements 1- Start jehad with those people they were not paying zakat.

2- Compilation of Holy Quran. 3- To kill false prophets 2- Compilation of Holy Quran. 3- To kill false prophets. 4- To give freedom many slaves. 5- Participated in all battles . 6- Close friend of Holy prophet(S.A.W.W) HAZRAT UMER FAROOQ (R.A) Name : Umer Surname : Abu Hafas Tittle:Farooq. Father : Khattab Mother : Khatma Born: 580AD Khilafat: 634 to 644AD (13 AH to 24 AH) Sons : 5 Daughter :1 Shahadat : 644 AD. Important achievements 1-To establish police department.2-Jail system 3- Leave system for soldiers. 4-Azan

HAZRAT USMAN GHANI (R. A) Name : Usman Tittle : Zunnoorain HAZRAT USMAN GHANI (R.A) Name : Usman Tittle : Zunnoorain. Surname: Ghani Father : Affaan. Mother : Arwa Born : 576 AD. Tribe : Quresh ( Banu ummayad) Shahadat : 656AD. Khilafat: 644 to 656AD. HAZRAT ALI (R.A) Name : Ali Tittle :Haider . Surname: Abu hasan , Abu turab Father : Abu talib. Mother : Fatima. Born : 601 AD Tribe :Banu Hashim . Khilafat : 656 to 661 AD.

8 June 632 – 22 August 634 23 August 634 – 3 November 644 11 November 644 – 20 June 656 20 June 656 – 29 January 661 Banu Taim Banu Adi Banu Ummaya Banu Hashim Father of Aisha, Muhammad's wife Father of Hafsa, Muhammad's wife Husband of Muhammad's daughters, Ruqayya and later Umm Kulthum Muhammad's first cousin, Husband of Muhammad's daughter Fatimah, Commonly known as Aṣ-Ṣiddīq (Arabic: الصديق, "The Truthful") Reigned until his death Also known with his epithet Al-Farooq ("the one who distinguishes between right and wrong") Assassinated by Persians in response to the Muslim conquest of Persia Also known as Dhun-Nurayn (Possessor of Two Lights) because he married two Muhammad's daughters Assassinated at the end of a siege upon his house Also known as Abu turab, Abu hasan , Haider. Asad ullah.

PERIOD OF UMMAYYADS (41 to 132AH / 661 to 750 AD) Important points : 1-Kingship became a private property . 2-To establish the system of central government. 3-Sources of revenue. 4-Political and military administration. 5-Naval power under the Umayyad's. 6-Social condition was peace and justice. 7-Non Muslims enjoyed their religious, judicial and civil rights. 8-Damascus became the Capital of the Umayyad's and it was a beautiful city. 9-Including Islamic knowledge more branches of learning started by Umayyad as grammar, history , geography and science. 10-Progress in architecture .

PERIOD OF ABBASIDS (133 to 297 AH / 750 to 911 AD) Important points : 1-Compelete control on the government institutions(Including Military establishment) by the Abbasids khalifas. 2-Many new education branches as tafseer,fiqh, literature, poetry and math's introduced by them. 3-Form of the government was same as during the period of ummayyads i,e kingship (nomination of the family person. 4-All the powers only with nominated khalifa. 5-For every institution, a separate Minister was appointed. 6-The system of Justice was very impressive and the Chief Justice was also appointed in the Capital city (Baghdad). 7-The institution of Secret Service(Spying) was also introduced by them. 8-For the increase of Economy, full support was given by the government to trade, business, factories, skills and art.