Announcements!! Signed syllabus due MONDAY (50 pts) Happening Tuesday: Msdrakechs.weebly.com (password Drizzy)  click on “World Geo” Happening Tuesday: Landform vocab due! Landform vocab quiz

The 6 Elements of Geography Part 1

6 Elements Many geographers use the six essential elements to organize their study. The World in Spatial Terms Uses of Geography Places and Regions Physical Systems Human Systems Environment & Society

The World in Spatial Terms Geographers look at where things are on the Earth’s surface. Changes in settlement patterns over time are also important.

The World in Spatial Terms It tells us where this place is in relation to other places? Or, its LOCATION

The World in Spatial Terms “Where are we?” Absolute Location: Latitude and longitude (global location) Sugar Land is located at 29°N, 96°W Street address (local location)

The World in Spatial Terms Relative Location: Described by landmarks, time, distance from one place to another, etc. Sugar Land is southwest of Houston Austin is 1 hr 45 min away Israel is next to Lebanon & Jordan

GEOGRAPHY SKILLS PACKET

Lines of Latitude A.K.A.—”parallels” Measure distance north or south of the Equator North Pole: 90°N; South Pole: 90°S Arctic Circle: 66½°N; Antarctic Circle: 66½°S Tropic of Cancer: 23½°N; Tropic of Capricorn: 23½°S

Arctic Circle, 66 1/2ºN North Pole, 90ºN Tropic of Cancer, 23 1/2ºN Tropic of Capricorn, 23 1/2ºS South Pole, 90ºS Antarctic Circle, 66 1/2ºS

Lines of Longitude A.K.A.—Meridians Measures distance EAST or WEST of the Prime Meridian Eastern Hemisphere (east longitude) lies at places east of the Prime Meridian Western Hemisphere (west longitude) lies at places west of the Prime Meridian

The EQUATOR creates the Northern & Southern Hemisphere 0° latitude = Equator The PRIME MERIDIAN creates the Eastern & Western Hemisphere 0° longitude = Prime Meridian

Practice What major city has the following coordinates? 41ºN, 73ºW (USA) New York City 33ºN, 13ºE (Africa) Tripoli, Libya 33ºS, 71ºW (South America) Santiago, Chile Name the global address of: Hanoi, Vietnam 21°N, 105°E Athens, Greece 37°N, 23°E Tehran, Iran 35°N, 51°E

Get out skills packet and begin working on the Projections section. Please read and follow the instructions.

Winkel Tripel Projection

Winkel Tripel Projection Pros: Good balance of size & shape of land areas as shown on the maps No distortion Cons: None!  This is the most widely used projection for world maps!!!

Robinson Projection

Robinson Projection Pros Cons Sizes & shapes near the edges of the map are accurate Cons Shapes of the polar areas are distorted (misshaped)

Goode’s Interrupted Equal-Area Projection

Goode’s Interrupted Equal-Area Projection Pros The size & shape of the countries are true to size Cons Distances between countries are not true to size & not accurate

Mercator Projection

Mercator Projection Pros: Cons: Directions are true to the map The shapes of the landmasses are accurate Cons: The size & distance becomes more inaccurate as you move away from the equator This is a commonly used projection (good for seafaring!)

Types of Maps General Purpose Physical: shows topography (shape) of Earth Displays relief: differences in elevation, landforms, etc. Political: shows boundaries of countries, states, etc. Displays human-made features (capitals, roads, etc. Open to page 106 & 107

Types of Maps Special Purpose Emphasize a particular kind of information Climate (pg 122) Vegetation (pg 123) Population density (pg 108) Economic activity (pg 109) Cartogram (RA38) Other Thematic Maps (AIDS, Child Labor, Oil Production, etc)

Geospatial Technologies Global Positioning System (GPS) Used to determine absolute location Made of a network satellites, which send out radio signals to Uses: Used by scientists to determine the size of earthquakes  can try to determine how likely the earthquake is to produce a tsunami

Geospatial Technologies Global Information Systems (GIS) Computer software used in mapmaking Organizes details about places on Earth—for example, floodplains, wetlands Allows for many different types of maps to be created digitally with a lot of different information