Chapter 2-1 Notes The Enlightenment Lecture 2 Standard 10.2.1

Standard 10.2.1 Compare the major ideas of philosophers and their effects on the democratic revolutions in England, the United States, France, and Latin America (e.g., John Locke, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Simón Bolívar, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison). Essential Question: Who were the major philosophers of the Enlightenment, and how did their ideas contribute to modern Democracy?

Scientific Revolution Scientific successes convinced educated Europeans of the power of REASON Natural Law Sparked “Enlightenment” Sir Isaac Newton

Five Concepts of Enlightenment Philosophy Reason=discover truth Nature=natural laws (reasonable) Happiness=well-being on earth, not just in afterlife Progress=society could be perfected Liberty= society could be set free from restrictions

Hobbes V. Locke Hobbes Locke Believed in powerful government Pessimistic view on human nature Locke Natural Rights Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness Best kind of government Limited Power Influenced US Constitution Declaration of Independence English Bill of Rights

The Philosophies Montesquieu Voltaire Diderot Rousseau Separation of Powers = 3 Branches of Govt. Checks and Balances Voltaire Exercised freedom of speech through his writing Exiled by the Catholic Church and French Govt. Diderot Compiled the Encyclopedia Helped Spread “Enlightenment” Rousseau The Social Contract Believed people were basically good Minimal government control

Lazy Fair Laissez Faire Adam Smith A policy that allows business to operate without govt. control Adam Smith Scottish Economist Trade, manufacturing, wages, profits, and economic growth are linked together Supply/Demand

Mary Wollstonecraft A Vindication of the Rights of Women, (1792) Argued for women’s rights in education & marriage Social Gatherings Salons Legacy Women’s rights groups in North American & Europe

Impact of the Enlightenment Belief in progress A secular outlook Importance of the individual Ideas inspired revolutions

Standards Check Describe the differences between John Locke and Thomas Hobbes view of the government? Which do you agree with? What was Rousseau’s argument? Do you agree?

Person A Discuss John Locke’s beliefs on the role of the government.

Person A How did the founding fathers utilize Montesquieu’s ideas?

Person B Describe Thomas Hobbes beliefs on the role of government.

Person B What are your personal opinions on Rousseau’s Social Contract?

Vocabulary Nicolaus Copernicus Galileo Galilei Thomas Hobbes John Locke Baron de Montesquieu Voltaire Jean-Jacques Rousseau Mary Wollenstoncraft Adam Smith Simon Bolivar Denis Diderot