Predicted and observed HbA1c levels using doubly robust estimation adjusting for either a comprehensive set of confounders (left panel) or a set of confounders.

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Copyright © 2015 by the American Osteopathic Association.

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Copyright © 2015 by the American Osteopathic Association.

James Thrasher, MD The American Journal of Medicine

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Luigi F. Meneghini, MD, MBA The American Journal of Medicine

Stuart A. Ross, MB CHB, FRACP, FRCP(C)

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James Thrasher, MD The American Journal of Medicine

Plasma active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) response in patients with type 2 diabetes during the liquid high-fat meal test at baseline, 12 weeks and.

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Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) trajectories among children during the first 5 years after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, stratified by diagnostic era and diagnostic.

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Patient flow chart: the final prospective study population consisted of 521 individuals, 113 on basal insulin and 408 on OADs. *Plausibility: height (130–230 cm),

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Scatterplot showing the association between change in HbA1c at 1 year and weight change at 1 year, relative to baseline for each treatment group. Scatterplot.

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Hypothesized causal relations between exposures (education, immigration and income) and outcome (HbA1c at diagnosis). Hypothesized causal relations between.

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Mean fasting C-peptide levels (for all subjects [A]) and mean peak C-peptide levels (all subjects [B], adolescents [C], and adults [D])after mixed-meal.

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Oral glucose tolerance testing during hospitalization and at 4 months after infarction. Oral glucose tolerance testing during hospitalization and at 4 months.

Relationship between week 24 A1C and week 24 BeAM in the exploratory analysis (A), the main analysis (only patients with A1C >7.0% at week 24 were included.

Crude and adjusted HbA1c change by medication adherence group (proportion of days covered (PDC)) by linear regression, controlling for age, age2, gender,

Comorbid conditions and concomitant medications.

Changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels after 12 weeks’ treatment with lixisenatide (according to dose increase regimen) or placebo. Changes in glycated.

Difference in average school grades between offspring born to women with type 1 diabetes and the matched control children, by maternal third trimester.

Plasma glucose (A), serum insulin (B), serum C peptide (C) and plasma GLP-1 level (D) during the 2-hour OGTT among subjects with normal glucose tolerance.

Postprandial glucose, insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels following carbohydrate-first (CF), carbohydrate-last (CL) and sandwich (S) meal.

Patient disposition and study protocol.

Trends in age-adjusted diagnosed diabetes prevalence and incidence among adults aged 18–79 years, 1980–2017. Trends in age-adjusted diagnosed diabetes.

Glucose-lowering medication in type 2 diabetes: overall approach.

Fig. 1. Antihyperglycemic therapy algorithm for adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The algorithm stratifies the choice of medications.

Presentation transcript:

Predicted and observed HbA1c levels using doubly robust estimation adjusting for either a comprehensive set of confounders (left panel) or a set of confounders provided by a domain expert (right panel). Predicted and observed HbA1c levels using doubly robust estimation adjusting for either a comprehensive set of confounders (left panel) or a set of confounders provided by a domain expert (right panel). Red dots indicate the actual measurements of patients at baseline (before second-line treatment), after 6 and 12 months. Black dots (with error bars) represent the counterfactual predictions and 95% CIs, supposing all patients were treated with that drug class. The results of the Bayesian mixed-treatment comparison (MTC) meta-analysis by McIntosh et al 7 8 are marked MTC. DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase 4; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; SU, sulfonylurea; TZD, thiazolidinedione. Assaf Gottlieb et al. BMJ Open Diab Res Care 2017;5:e000435 ©2017 by American Diabetes Association