Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

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Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

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Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Figure 3 Low-grade inflammation in FGID

Figure 4 Activation of clopidogrel via cytochrome P450

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Figure 6 Injection of mesenchymal stem cells in perianal fistulas

Figure 2 The three most commonly performed bariatric surgical procedures Figure 2 | The three most commonly performed bariatric surgical procedures. a.

Figure 4 Simple perianal fistula

Figure 1 Worldwide incidence of CCA

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Figure 1 Organs involved in coeliac-disease-associated autoimmunity

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Figure 1 Biosimilar development process

Figure 2 Outline of the pathogenesis and overlap

Figure 2 Effect of PPIs on gastric physiology

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Figure 4 Giant lipid droplet formation

Figure 1 Schematic outlining the results of Buffington et al.

Figure 1 Suggested biopsy-avoiding diagnostic pathway for coeliac disease Figure 1 | Suggested biopsy-avoiding diagnostic pathway for coeliac disease.

Figure 6 Combination therapy for HCC

Figure 2 Modelling the effect of HCV treatment on reinfection in people who inject drugs Figure 2 | Modelling the effect of HCV treatment on reinfection.

Figure 1 Host range of hepatitis E virus

Figure 2 Switching of biologic agents and biosimilars

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Figure 3 High-resolution manometry of achalasia subtypes

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Figure 3 Example wireless motility recording

Figure 2 Key metrics of pressure topography (Clouse)

Figure 7 Example colonic high-resolution manometry

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Figure 1 Pseudorelaxation as a consequence of

Figure 1 Environmental factors contributing to IBD pathogenesis

Figure 4 Example plots of high-resolution gastroduodenal manometry

Figure 1 Tropical sprue and PI-IBS

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Figure 4 Examples of reflux episodes on pH and pH-impedance monitoring

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Figure 2 13C-octanoic acid gastric emptying breath test

Figure 4 Functional luminal imaging probe

in the UK (1961–2012), France (1961–2014) and Italy (1961–2010)

Figure 5 Representative barium defecography images

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Figure 2 Metrics from oesophageal high-resolution

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Figure 5 High-resolution manometry studies performed

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Figure 3 Optical coherence tomography images of specialized intestinal

Figure 3 Examples of gene expression heterogeneity

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Figure 6 Assessment of colonic transit time with radiopaque markers

Figure 5 Systems biological model of IBS

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Figure 1 Cancer stem cell plasticity and stem cell homeostasis in the gut Figure 1 | Cancer stem cell plasticity and stem cell homeostasis in the gut.

Figure 1 Endoscopic appearance of fundic gland polyps

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Figure 2 Distribution of markers of active HBV infection

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Figure 2 Lifelong influences on the gut microbiome from

Figure 2 Classifications and appearance of CCAs

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Figure 8 Assessment of colonic tone using a barostat device

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Presentation transcript:

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2018.7 Figure 5 Lactulose H2 breath test for measurement of orocaecal transit time Figure 5| Lactulose H2 breath test for measurement of orocaecal transit time. Representative lactulose H2 breath tests (LHBTs) are shown for accelerated (30 min), normal (75 min) and delayed (225 min) orocaecal transit times (OCTTs). The test requires H2 measurements at regular intervals after ingestion of lactulose. H2 values of >10 ppm over basal values followed by at least two subsequent increments (arrows) indicate caecal delivery of the nonabsorbable substrate with subsequent bacterial metabolism. This increase in H2 exhalation normally occurs 50–200 min after ingestion of the marker substance (normal range for OCTT marked in grey). Keller, J. et al. (2018) Advances in the diagnosis and classification of gastric and intestinal motility disorders Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2018.7