Memory (Cognition) AP Psychology Essential Task:

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Presentation transcript:

Memory (Cognition) AP Psychology Essential Task: Describe the physiological systems of memory with specific attention to long-term potentiation and the brain regions where memories are stored. Logo Green is R=8 G=138 B=76 Blue is R= 0 G=110 B=184 Border Grey is R=74 G=69 B=64

Information Processing Model Attention All the rest External Stimuli Sensory Registers gone Short Term Memory Long Term Memory Retrieval 1. Encoding 3. Retrieval 2. Storage Information Processing Model

Essential Task: Physiology of Memory Process: Where: Brain Structures Outline Physiology of Memory Process: long-term potentiation Stress hormones Where: Brain Structures Hippocampus Where the memories are processed

How are the Memories Stored? Synaptic Changes Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) A long-lasting change in the structure or function of a synapse that increase the efficiency of neural transmission. Both Photos: From N. Toni et al., Nature, 402, Nov. 25 1999. Courtesy of Dominique Muller

Stress Hormones & Memory Heightened emotions (stress-related or otherwise) make for stronger memories. Hormones such as Epinephrine act on brain centers in the brain Extreme stress undermines learning and later recall How does this apply to an exam? OBJECTIVE 12| Discuss some ways stress hormones can affect memory.

Brain Structures Hippocampus: turns STM into LTM The hippocampus (named after its resemblance to the seahorse, from the Greek hippos meaning "horse" and kampos meaning "sea monster")

Where Are Memories Stored?

Biological Forgetting Factors Damage to the Hippocampus Difficulty forming new memories Neurotransmitters play a role Acetylcholine Alzheimer’s patients show diminished levels of this Decay theory Distractor Studies – information fades from STM