This Month in Gastroenterology Jan Tack, John M. Carethers  Gastroenterology  Volume 135, Issue 1, Pages 1-5 (July 2008) DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.05.075 Copyright © 2008 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 (A) Kaplan-Meier survival rates of adult and pediatric patients with irreversible intestinal failure on home parenteral nutrition, noncandidates for intestinal transplantation, or candidates for intestinal transplantation who did not undergo a transplantation. (B) Kaplan-Meier survival rate in the subgroups of patients who received a small bowel transplant without liver for the first time (First ITx) and of candidates not undergoing transplantation who had a home parenteral nutrition (HPN)–related liver failure or a central venous catheter (CVC)–related major complication. Gastroenterology 2008 135, 1-5DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2008.05.075) Copyright © 2008 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 This focal, depressed, high-grade dysplasia lesion was not detected using either standard-resolution (A) or high-resolution white light imaging, but was readily identified using NBI (B). Gastroenterology 2008 135, 1-5DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2008.05.075) Copyright © 2008 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Methylation of the B4GALNT2 gene in gastrointestinal cancer cells and primary gastric carcinomas. (A) Combined bisulfate restriction analysis (COBRA) of human gastric cancer cell lines (left) and representative results for primary gastric carcinoma (right). U, unmethylated alleles; M, methylated alleles; N, gastric normal mucosa adjacent to the tumor; T, gastric tumor. (B, C, and D) Methylation status of individual CpG residues in the B4GALNT2 gene in human gastric cancer cell lines (B), human colorectal cancer cell line HCT116 and DKO cells (C), and primary carcinomas (D) assessed by bisulfite sequencing. Bisulfite-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products cloned into the pCR4-TOPO vector were randomly picked up for sequencing. As illustrated in the box at the top of B, the line indicates an independent clone of bisulfite-PCR products; it contains 39 consecutive CpGs (open circles). For sequencing of the bisulfite-PCR product, the DNA fragment was purified and cloned into the pCR4-TOPO vector (Invitrogen). The start site of translation is indicated by the arrowhead. In the results shown below this box, the filled circles on the lines for each clone appears only when CpGs are methylated. Cell lines and case ID of tumors are shown at the left in B and C, respectively. Gastroenterology 2008 135, 1-5DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2008.05.075) Copyright © 2008 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 A model for HIV-related intestinal CD4+ lymphocyte depletion and microbial translocation and its contribution to HCV progression. An integrated model shows that microbial translocation is dependent on HIV-related CD4+ lymphocyte depletion. Microbial translocation is critical for the development of immune activation and AIDS, but liver disease develops only in HCV coinfection. Microbial translocation in the host with cirrhosis leads to less clearance of bacterial products and increased immune activation. Gastroenterology 2008 135, 1-5DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2008.05.075) Copyright © 2008 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions