Chapter 2: Europeans Establish Colonies Chapter 2 Section 1: Spain’s Empire in the Americas

https://www. khanacademy https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/precontact-and-early-colonial-era/spanish-colonization/a/the-spanish-conquistadores-and-colonial-empire

*WHAT DID EACH DO FOR THE SPANISH EMPIRE? MISSIONS (Pg. 37) ___ PRESIDIOS (Pg. 35) ___ SPANISH AMERICA EXPLORERS (Pg. 36-37) ___ NATIVE AMERICANS (Pg. 39) ___ *WHAT DID EACH DO FOR THE SPANISH EMPIRE?

Chapter 2 Vocabulary Missionary Mission Viceroy Northwest Passage Charter House of Burgesses Royal Colony Proprietary Colony Puritan Pilgrim Mayflower Compact Push factor Pull factor Separatist Quaker Mestizo Joint-stock company William Penn John Smith Lord Baltimore

People William Penn- Quaker known for founding the colony of Pennsylania John Smith- Capitan who wanted to make a permanent English settlement in North America Lord Baltimore- Aristocrat who founded Maryland as a Catholic colony

Objectives Explain Spanish explorers’ achievements. Describe Spanish society in New Spain and Peru. Evaluate the causes and effects of Spanish imperial policies in the American Southwest.

Terms and People missionaries – people who work to convert others to their religion presidio – Spanish fort located near Spanish mission viceroy – ruler of a section of the Spanish empire in the Americas, appointed by the Spanish king mestizo – child of mixed Spanish and Indian ancestry mission – a location for missionary work

How did Spain strengthen its colonies in the Americas? In the 1500s, Spain gained control of lands rich in gold and silver in the Caribbean and North and South America. Soon other European nations fought for territory to build colonies in the Americas.

Europeans Explore the Americas, 1497–1682

Divisions among European nations caused conflict. Wealth Religion Using the wealth from its colonies, Spain developed a strong military. The Dutch, French, and English explored for riches Religious differences between Catholic and Protestants split Europe. South Europe: Catholic North Europe & England: Protestant.

To protect colonies, Spain organized its territory in the Americas into 2 sections. New Spain: Present- day Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean Peru: All of present- day South America except for Brazil

The Spanish king appointed viceroys to rule New Spain and Peru. Spain didn’t allow elected assemblies in their colonies. Only leaders appointed by the King.

Spain also sent conquistadors in the 1500s to North America to claim land.

HERNAN CORTES https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=SPANISH+EMPIRE+HISTORY+CHANEL&&view=detail&mid=022E1836A7FF58B567F4022E1836A7FF58B567F4&&FORM=VRDGAR

The Spanish built a fort at San Luis, the western capital of the Spanish colonies in Florida. St. Augustine: Founded in 1565, the oldest European settlement in the Americas

Spaniards and other Europeans Enslaved Africans and Indians To control the people in the colonies, the Spaniards developed a castas system, separating people into social classes. The main social levels were: Viceroy and nobility Spaniards and other Europeans Enslaved Africans and Indians

Characteristics of a Spanish Colony Catholic friars established missions in each colony. Spanish soldiers built forts near missions. The friars made Indians become Catholics and prevented them from worshipping their own Gods. Indians had to work for the friars and Spanish settlers, build churches, and adopt Spanish ways.

Conditions between the Spanish and the Indians got worse in the 1600s. Friars used Spanish soldiers to scare the Indians into adopting Spanish ways. Many Indians died from diseases they got from the Spanish.

The Pueblo revolted against the Spanish and destroyed missions, farms, and ranches. Spanish settlers and missionaries fled to the southern section of present-day New Mexico. A Pueblo leader, Popé, led the revolt.

Popé was a Pueblo spiritual leader in New Mexico. He was whipped by Spanish for telling people to keep their ways. Convinced Apaches to join him in revolt. In 1680, they defeated the Spanish. For 12 years, Popé governed the Pueblo.

Within 3 years after Popé’s death, the Spanish reclaimed New Mexico. The bloody conflict between the Pueblo and Spanish taught each side to compromise.

Section 2.1 Assessment What were some problems/issues in Europe during the 1500s? (Pg. 34-35) How did Spain keep control of its colonies in the Americas? (Pg. 35-36) What was the purpose of a missionary? (Pg. 35) Why did the Pueblos revolt against the Spanish? (Pg. 39)

Religious divisions between Catholics and Protestants; corruption; divisions of wealth With the use of viceroys appointed by the King It served as a place to convert Native Americans to Christianity They were fed up with their rule