Evidence of Evolution 2 Types of Evolution: Insecticide Resistance : - Microevolution - Macroevolution Microevolution: small scale changes usually caused by humans Insecticide Resistance : Some insects become resistant to chemical poisons when they originally were not Ex: Insects that live in citrus trees in California have a mutated gene that allows for a reduced need for O2

Evidence of Evolution Microevolution cont’d: Drug Resistance: Some bacteria are resistant to antibiotics used during WWII These antibiotics cannot be used anymore Melanism: Coloration changes within populations Peppered Moth (England) In the1800s, most peppered moths were light and matched light tree colors By the 1900s, many trees were covered in black dust from industries Population shifted from light to dark

Evidence of Evolution Macroevolution: Evolutionary changes to the species level Similar Species: Why so many similar species if they didn’t have a similar ancestor? Biogeography: Similar geographic climates & environments have similar organisms, but they are considered different species Biochemistry: DNA, RNA, and amino acid structure is the same for all living organisms Ex: Gorillas and humans differ in only 1 amino acid for blood protein

Evidence of Evolution Macroevolution cont’d: Homology: study of similarities Ex: Almost all vertebrates have 4 limbs Homologous structures: structures similar in appearance; not function Vestigial Structures: Structures that are no longer useful Ex: Coccyx & appendix in humans; Femur & pelvic bones in whales Embryology: Many vertebrates have similar embryos

Evidence of Evolution Macroevolution cont’d: Fossil Record: Remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past Reveal succession of original simpler forms into current forms of species