Reproduction 9.1 Organisms reproduce in different ways. 9.2 CHAPTER NEW CHAPTER Reproduction the BIG idea Reproductive systems allow the production of offspring. 9.1 Organisms reproduce in different ways. 9.2 Plants can reproduce in several ways. 9.3 Human reproduction is a complex process. CHAPTER OUTLINE CHAPTER RESOURCES

9.1 CALIFORNIA Content Standards Organisms reproduce in different ways. CALIFORNIA Content Standards 7.2.a Students know the differences between the life cycles and reproduction methods of sexual and asexual organisms. 7.2.b Students know sexual reproduction produces offspring that inherit half their genes from each parent. gamete fertilization zygote CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

9.1 Organisms reproduce in different ways. • All living things can produce offspring. gamete • Asexual reproduction is efficient, but offspring lack genetic diversity. fertilization • Sexual reproduction increases genetic variation in offspring. zygote CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

9.1 Organisms reproduce in different ways. • All living things can produce offspring. gamete • Asexual reproduction is efficient, but offspring lack genetic diversity. fertilization • Sexual reproduction increases genetic variation in offspring. zygote VISUALIZATION Observe the process of binary fission. CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Plants can reproduce in several ways. 9.2 Plants can reproduce in several ways. CALIFORNIA Content Standards 7.5.f Students know the structures and processes by which flowering plants generate pollen, ovules, seeds, and fruit. vegetative propagation pollen seed embryo ovule fruit CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Plants can reproduce in several ways. 9.2 Plants can reproduce in several ways. Some plants reproduce using spores, while others use pollen and seeds to produce offspring. vegetative propagation pollen seed embryo ovule fruit CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Plants can reproduce in several ways. 9.2 Plants can reproduce in several ways. for the plant embryo. A seed provides protection and nutrients vegetative propagation stored nutrients pollen seed embryo ovule fruit plant embryo protective covering CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Plants can reproduce in several ways. 9.2 Plants can reproduce in several ways. for the plant embryo. A seed provides protection and nutrients vegetative propagation pollen seed embryo ovule VISUALIZATION Watch a time-lapse video of a seed sprouting. fruit CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Plants can reproduce in several ways. 9.2 Plants can reproduce in several ways. In angiosperms, flowers produce pollen. Flowers and fruit attract animals. vegetative propagation pollen seed embryo ovule fruit CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Human reproduction is a complex process. 9.3 Human reproduction is a complex process. CALIFORNIA Content Standards 7.5.a Students know plants and animals have levels of organization for structure and function, including cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the whole organism. 7.5.d Students know how the reproductive organs of the human female and male generate eggs and sperm and how sexual activity may lead to fertilization and pregnancy. 7.5.e Students know the function of the umbilicus and placenta during pregnancy. menstruation placenta umbilical cord fetus CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Human reproduction is a complex process. 9.3 Human reproduction is a complex process. The female produces eggs, and the male produces sperm. menstruation • Sexual intercourse can lead to fertilization and pregnancy. placenta umbilical cord • Following fertilization, the fetus develops over a period of about nine months. fetus uterus fallopian tube egg ovary CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Human reproduction is a complex process. 9.3 Human reproduction is a complex process. The female produces eggs, and the male produces sperm. menstruation • Sexual intercourse can lead to fertilization and pregnancy. placenta umbilical cord • Following fertilization, the fetus develops over a period of about nine months. fetus VISUALIZATION Follow an egg from fertilization to implantation. CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

9.1 Organisms reproduce in different ways. I. Organisms reproduce in different ways. gamete A. There are many forms of asexual reproduction. fertilization 1. Types of Asexual Reproduction zygote 2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction B. Sexual reproduction always involves an exchange of DNA. 1. Sexual Reproduction Between Males and Females 2. Other Methods of Genetic Exchange CHAPTER RESOURCES 3. Advantages and Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

Plants can reproduce in several ways. 9.2 Plants can reproduce in several ways. II. Plants can reproduce in several ways. vegetative propagation A. Plants can reproduce asexually from different parts. pollen 1. Tubers and Bulbs seed 2. Runners and Rhizomes embryo 3. Fragmentation ovule B. Some plants need water to reproduce sexually. fruit 1. Mosses and Other Nonvascular Plants 2. Ferns, Horsetails, and Club Mosses C. Seeds and pollen are reproductive adaptations. CHAPTER RESOURCES D. Gymnosperms are ancient seed-producing plants. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY E. Angiosperms produce flowers and fruit.

Human reproduction is a complex process. 9.3 Human reproduction is a complex process. III. Human reproduction is a complex process. menstruation A. The reproductive system has specialized cells and structures. placenta 1. The Female Reproductive System umbilical cord 2. Egg Production fetus 3. Menstruation 4. The Male Reproductive System B. The production of offspring includes sexual intercourse, fertilization, pregnancy, and birth. 1. Fertilization 2. Pregnancy CHAPTER RESOURCES 3. Labor and Delivery KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY 4. Multiple Births

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