Classical Conditioning in Dating Make women/men love you! Figure out the: Neutral Stimulus UCS UCR CS CR

Classical Conditioning in Dating Neutral Stimulus No response

Classical Conditioning in Dating UCS UCR

Classical Conditioning in Dating Neutral Stimulus UCR and UCS

Classical Conditioning in Dating CS CR

Classical Conditioning in Dating But. . . Day 1

Classical Conditioning in Dating But. . . Day 2

Classical Conditioning in Dating But. . . Day 100

Classical Conditioning in Dating But. . . Day 150 Extinction

Or

Or

Or

Or Second-order conditioning Something paired with the CS can itself begin to elicit the response

Or

Or

Or

Or Stimulus Generalization Stimuli like the CS well tend to elicit the same response as the CS

Questionnaire

Group Activity Why do you think a person might have social phobia? How would you cure a person with this problem?

Classical Conditioning Social Anxiety Social Phobia General Anxiety Learned helplessness

Classical Conditioning Example: Little Albert

Classical Conditioning Phobias Typically occur through association The feared object is paired with an unpleasant feelings Flooding Systematic desensitization

Classical Conditioning Food Deliver good news not bad news

Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning Edward Thorndike

Gradually it escapes quicker A specific response become “strengthened” by being paired with a pleasant outcome

Law of Effect "Of several responses made to the same situation those which are accompanied or closely followed by satisfaction to the animal will, other things being equal, be more firmly connected with the situation, so that, when it recurs, they will be more likely to recur; those which are accompanied or closely followed by discomfort to the animal will, other things being equal, have their connections to the situation weakened, so that, when it recurs, they will be less likely to occur. Note: It is missing information about the internal state of the animal Thorndike used hungry cats and rats!

Clark Hull

Needs Behavior is not just a function of the environment but also. . . Properties of the organism

All animals have certain needs (food) Creates drives (drive for food) Reducing drive (by eating) reinforces the behavior (eating)

Learning Both Hull and Thorndike felt their learning was the same as Pavlov’s classical conditioning

Hot and Cold Game

Skinner

B. F. Skinner Noted differences between the types of learning. How is classical conditioning different then either Thorndike’s or Hull’s theories?

Operant Conditioning Classical = animal does nothing to its environment. Operant = The animal alters its environment.

Reinforcement Theory Operant Conditioning Behavior Reward Used to control behavior Behavior Reward Behaviors that are rewarded are more likely to be performed in the future

Reinforcement Theory Operant Conditioning

Reinforcement Theory Operant Conditioning

Skinner Box

Skinner Box

Skinner Box

Skinner Box Sniffy Program

Operant Conditioning Superstitious behavior Shaping behavior Baseball players Shaping behavior Getting him to open the car door Skinner legend

Group Activity Identify one behavior in yourself that you would like to change Determine a system of rewards and punishments that you could use to change this behavior Do you think this would work?

Did Skinner really raise his daughter in a Skinner Box? Picture from Ladies' Home Journal: "Baby in a Box.”

Question Why are you going to college? What are you dating someone? Why are you listening to this lecture? You do all of these things because of a long history of rewards and punishments!

Classical vs. Operant Conditioning “Reactions” to the world Emotions Traits: anxiousness, neuroticism, depression Operant “Actions” toward the world Behaviors Traits: Extraversion, argumentativeness, kindness

Behaviorism Pros Cons Controlling behavior Focus on the observable Mental life Motivation Thought Cognition