Six Kingdom Classification of Organisms Plantae (Plant) Protista Animal Fungi Archaebacteria Ms. Belser, Life Science Eubacteria

Taxonomy Taxonomy is the science of describing, classifying, and naming living organisms. Over 2,000 years ago -Aristotle - grouped organisms as plant or animal. In the late 18th century, Carolus Linnaeus developed a system of grouping organisms based on similar characteristics that is still used today. Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of an organism or how it has changed over time. Carolus Linnaeus Aristotle

binomial nomenclature for humans Carolus Linnaeus The two word naming system used by scientists to name the various species is called binomial nomenclature. The first word of the name identifies the genus of the organism. A genus is a group of similar species. “Genus” means beginnings. The second word represents the species. The genus name is capitalized and the species name is not. Homo sapiens - binomial nomenclature for humans Felis domesticus (Felis – Cats)

Classification

Why are Scientific Names Used? Help to avoid mistakes when working with different organisms. Organisms with similar evolutionary histories are classified together. Because of this, you know that organisms with the same genus are related. Scientific names give descriptive information about the species Scientific names allow information about organisms to be organized easily and efficiently.

Classification Groups Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Did King Phillip Come Over For Green Soup? A silly sentence to help you remember the classification groups

Classification for Humans Domain –Eukarya Kingdom – animal phylum – chordate Class – mammal Order – primates Family – hominid Genus - Homo Species – sapiens

Six Kingdom Classification of Organisms Plantae (Plant) Protista Animal Fungi Archaebacteria Eubacteria

Kingdom Plant Autotrophic (Make their own food with chlorophyll) Characteristics of Plants: Multi-cellular Autotrophic (Make their own food with chlorophyll) Have cell walls made of cellulose -which is a chemical compound made of sugar and provides structure and support

Eubacteria (Monerans) Characteristics: unicellular organisms such as bacteria Prokaryotic (have no distinct nucleus) Cannot make their own food

Animal Heterotrophic (Cannot make their own food) Characteristics Multi-cellular Heterotrophic (Cannot make their own food) Capable of carrying on life processes Ingest food

Fungi Characteristics: Plant-like heterotrophic (cannot make their own food) organisms which reproduce by spores (reproduces during Mitosis). Have tiny root-like extensions, called hyphae, which secrete enzymes for digesting the remains of plants and animals

Protista Characteristics: Simple Eukaryotic (have cells with a true nucleus enclosed in a membrane), such as simple algae, protozoa, slime and mold. Most are aquatic Can make their own food

Archaebacteria Characteristics: One-celled Some absorb food from their surroundings Some are photosynthetic Some are found in extremely harsh surroundings including salt ponds, hot springs, swamps, and deep-sea vents

chordates, arthropods, and mollusks. Most Common Phyla Kingdoms are divided into phyla. A phylum is the primary division of a kingdom by shared characteristics. Examples of phyla are : chordates, arthropods, and mollusks.

Phylum Chordates All chordates, at some stage in life have a dorsal rod of cartilage called a notochord. Chordates include all the vertebrates-animals with a backbone. Humans are chordate because our notochord turns into the vertebral canal which houses our spinal cord.

Phylum Arthropods Arthropods have an exoskeleton and jointed legs. Insects are the largest class of arthropods. CHARACTERISTICS: animals without a backbone; armor-like covering; a body split into segments with jointed legs or mouthparts KNOWN SPECIES: over 1 million (over 8 million estimated) SIZE RANGE: microscopic to 13 feet (about 0.1 millimeter to 4 meters) WHERE THEY LIVE: land, fresh waters, and oceans

Phylum Mollusks Mollusks are soft-bodied, mostly marine animals, usually enclosed within a hard outer shell of calcium carbonate. Examples are oysters, clams, octopi.