Ms. Culp – World History October 23, 2012 Warm-Up: List the 7 characteristics of civilization and define them! 

Grades, Make-Up Work, Tests Don’t forget to check for make-up work, make-up tests, etc. It is YOUR responsibility! This is especially important if you have been absent or in ISS. If you have not taken the test AT ALL, you have until the end of the day on FRIDAY. If you are RE-TAKING the test, you have until the end of the day on MONDAY.

Unit III Unit III - The Middle Ages TEST on Wednesday/Thursday of next week!

UNIT III The Middle Ages, 476 A.D. – the 1400’s A.D. We ended in the ancient times with Greece, Rome, India and China. Rome, remember, was an empire until the 5th Century A.D. when it was split into two – the Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantine Empire lasted 1,000 longer than the Roman Empire. Fill in the Gaps... This led to the Middle Ages!

The Gaps The Roman Empire was split when Emperor Constantine moved the capital of the Empire to Byzantium, a Greek city in the eastern part of the Empire. He renamed this city, Constantinople. Constantinople was surrounded by water on three sides and massive walls, which made the city invulnerable to attack. The Byzantine Empire saw itself as a mere continuation of the Roman Empire, though its’ main language was Greek and the Byzantines formed their own sect of Christianity separate from the Catholic Church – Eastern Orthodoxy

Byzantine Empire

Constantinople is now the modern-day city of Istanbul, Turkey.

Period of great change in Western Europe. The Middle Ages 476 A.D. to the 1400’s A.D. Period of great change in Western Europe.

The Middle Ages Barbarian Invasions People were living beyond the reaches of the Roman/Byzantine Empire. The Romans considered these people to be barbarians, as they did anyone who came from a foreign, non-Roman culture. As the Roman/Byzantine Empire weakened, these barbarians began to invade and fight back against Roman rule.

The Middle Ages Barbarian Invasions In the 4th Century, the Huns moved west through Asia to Europe. The Huns forced the Germanic tribes west and into the Roman Empire. The Visigoths were one such tribe. They were allowed by the Romans to enter the Empire to escape the Huns, HOWEVER (dun, dun, duuuuun)… The Visigoths turned against the Romans and eventually took over the city of Rome and defeated the Romans.

The Middle Ages Barbarian Invasions The defeat of the Romans led to some chaos as the various tribes all fought to establish their own kingdoms and power. The Visigoths took Spain. The Angles took England. The Saxons took England. The Lombards took Italy. The Franks took Gaul (modern-day France).

The Middle Ages Barbarian Invasions All of this chaos meant a lot of disruption throughout Europe. Trade became unsafe. Bridges and roads fell into disrepair. Cities and towns were abandoned. Shortages of food grew. More and more people were living in rural communities. Churches became the only places where people could read or write.

The Middle Ages The Franks The Franks established the largest of the new kingdoms. Gaul is modern-day France. Charles Martel helped to unite the Franks and establish the kingdom. In 751 A.D., Martel’s son, Pepin, took power as King of the Franks. He took the territory from Gaul to northern Italy, expanding the Frank kingdom. Pepin created a strong army by giving land to nobles in exchange for military service to the king. Pepin’s son, Charlemagne became king in 768 A.D.

The Middle Ages Charlemagne Charlemagne expanded the practice of giving land to nobles in exchange for military service. The nobles continued the practice by giving some of their land to knights in exchange for similar services. The nobles also gave security to peasants in exchange for services “in kind” such as crops, livestock and other goods. This led to the establishment of a FEUDAL society (we will get in-depth here tomorrow/Thursday).

The Middle Ages Charlemagne Charlemagne extended the kingdom to include France, Germany, Holland, Belgium and Northern Italy. He established a new capital which became a great center of learning and the arts. Charlemagne gained independence for his kingdom from the Byzantine Empire when the Pope crowned him “Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire in 800 A.D. When Charlemagne died, his empire was divided amongst his sons.

The Middle Ages Division and New Threats The division of Charlemagne’s kingdom came just as new groups were invading. From the east, the Slavs and Magyars invaded Germany, France and Italy. From Northern Africa, Muslims attacked Southern Italy. And the greatest threat of all… THE VIKINGS!

The Middle Ages Division and New Threats

The Middle Ages Vikings The Vikings were fierce warriors and sailors from Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark) They sailed south to loot and pillage. They founded cities throughout Europe including some of the oldest settlements in Scotland, Ireland, France and Sicily. They even made it to the New World! They were brutal in their attacks, taking few prisoners and leaving many causalities. Their attacks led to increased trade routes and they brought new levels of maritime technology to Europe.

The Middle Ages Vikings

TURN THIS IN AT THE END OF THE PERIOD: Quiz! TURN THIS IN AT THE END OF THE PERIOD: 1. Name 3 of the 5 places the Vikings established settlements. 2. Who was Charlemagne’s father? 3. What was Charlemagne’s official title? 4. Name the 2 barbarian groups who settled in England. 5. Constantinople is now what city? 6. Name 3 of the disruptions caused by the chaos following the defeat of the Romans. 7. What did the peasants give to nobles as service “in kind?” 8.Where is Gaul?

Tomorrow/Thursday We have long days again! Thursday is a pep-rally. SO, we have pep rally schedule.