PowerPoint Presentation Publisher The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Tinley Park, Illinois 1

Chapter 18 The Floor Plan 2

Chapter 18 Overview Introduction Required Information Metric System of Dimensioning Drawing a Floor Plan Procedure—Manual Drafting Procedure—CADD 3

Learning Objectives List the information required on a typical floor plan. Represent typical materials using standard architectural hatch patterns (symbols). Design and draw a residential floor plan using accepted techniques. (continued) 4

Learning Objectives Dimension a floor plan in a clear and precise manner. Identify well-drawn floor plans. Identify poorly drawn floor plans. Draw a floor plan using CADD. 5

The Floor Plan The floor plan is the heart of a set of construction drawings. All tradeworkers refer to the floor plan. Usually the first drawing completed. The basis for many other plans. Actually a section drawing. Keep the floor plan clean and uncluttered. 6

Presentation Drawing Study this pictorial of a three bedroom house. Then, examine its floor plan in the next slide. 7 (Sater Design Collection, Inc.)

Presentation Floor Plan Many common features found on a floor plan are identified in this drawing. 8 (Sater Design Collection, Inc.)

Required Information Information that should be included on the floor plan includes: Exterior and interior walls. Size and location of windows and doors. Built-in cabinets and appliances. Permanent fixtures. Stairs. Fireplaces. (continued) 9

Required Information Walks, patios, and decks. Room names. Material symbols. Location and size dimensions. Drawing scale. Related structures are frequently included. 10

Location and Size of Walls Walls should be drawn actual thickness. Variations in wall thickness will detract from the drawing. Manual drafters use dividers to draw a wall at proper thickness; CADD drafters use OFFSET, DOUBLE LINE, or similar command. Use proper hatch patterns. 11

Wall Material Symbols 12

Windows and Doors Use a centerline to locate the opening for windows and doors in frame walls. Dimension to the side of the opening in a masonry wall. Openings for windows are sash width. Openings for doors are actual width. Sills are drawn for windows and exterior doors. Door swing should be indicated. 13

Window and Door Location Windows and doors should be located in a frame wall using a centerline. Door swing is also shown. 14

Plain Opening or Archway Hidden (dashed) lines are used to show that an opening does not extend to the ceiling. 15

Cabinets, Appliances, and Permanent Fixtures Kitchen cabinets, bath vanities, fixtures, and appliances must be shown on the floor plan. Standard symbols at proper scale are used for these features. Check your local code for clearances for appliances and fixtures. 16

Stairs and Fireplaces Only information about the basic size and location of stairs and fireplaces needs to be recorded on the floor plan. For stairs, show direction of flight, number of risers, and width of stairs. For a fireplace, show basic depth and width, opening design, and location. Use either simplified or detailed symbol. 17

Stairs on Floor Plan Information about a set of stairs that is usually included on the floor plan. 18

Fireplace Symbols A fireplace may be represented using a simplified or detailed symbol. The detailed symbol is usually preferred. 19

Walks, Patios, and Decks Several outside features are usually included on the floor plan. Walks, patios, and decks are examples. Indicate size and materials on the plan. Consider these elements as part of the total plan. 20

Room Names Room names help communicate the plan to others. Room names should be 3/16" high. Room names should be in the center of the room. Approximate room size should appear below the name. 21

Material Symbols Material symbols or material hatch patterns are used to denote each material. Use a material symbol whenever the material should be identified. If the symbol is not a standard one, identify it. 22

Material Symbols 23

Material Symbols 24

Dimensioning Dimensions on a floor plan show size and location of the features. Proper placement of dimensions requires good judgment. Locate dimensions where one would logically look for them. In architectural drafting, dimension lines are continuous lines with the dimension figure placed above the line. 25

Dimensioning Dimension figures are always parallel to the dimension line. Be consistent with the type of termination symbol used for dimension lines. Move dimension lines out from drawing. Space dimension lines 1/4" or 3/8" apart. Make leaders no longer than 2". 26

Dimensioning Dimensions are recorded in feet and inches. Feet and inch marks may be omitted. Dimensions less than 1' are usually indicated as 1/2", 2", 6", etc. Dimension interior frame walls to the center of the wall. Dimension exterior frame walls to the outside of the stud wall. 27

Dimensioning Recommended method of dimensioning frame wall construction. 28

Dimensioning Solid masonry walls (cast concrete, block, brick, or stone) are usually dimensioned as shown. 29

Dimensioning Brick veneer walls are dimensioned to the outside of the stud wall. Solid masonry walls are dimensioned to the outside of the wall. Overall dimensions are needed to provide the total length and width of the structure or major parts of the structure. 30

Dimensioning Add up partial dimensions to be sure they equal the overall dimensions. Notes are often necessary to present information that cannot be represented by dimensions or symbols. Notes should be read from the bottom of the sheet. 31

Scale and Sheet Identification Residential floor plans are usually drawn at 1/4" = 1'-0". C-size paper is generally large enough. Number the sheets in the package. Sheet 1 of 6, 2 of 6, etc., works well. Sheet numbers should be placed in the lower right-hand corner. 32

Metric System of Dimensioning In the US, the customary inch system is standard in the construction industry. The metric system of measurement is standard in most countries outside of the US. In a metric construction drawing the whole numbers indicate meters. 33

Metric System of Dimensioning Floor plan with metric dimensions. 34

Drawing a Floor Plan Develop a preliminary sketch. These rough sketches will provide direction for drawing the plan to scale. Determine the basic requirements of the structure. Consider expansion plans. Look over examples. 35

Split-Level House Floor Plan 36 (Donald F. Sowa, A.R.A.)

Two-Story House Floor Plan 37

Two-Story House Floor Plan 38

Expansion Floor Plan 39

Procedure—Manual Drafting 1. Lay out the exterior walls. Use construction lines for layout. Use proper wall thicknesses. 2. Locate the interior walls. Use center of the wall for locating interior walls. Use dividers to transfer wall thickness. 40

Procedure—Manual Drafting Drawing steps 1 and 2. 41

Procedure—Manual Drafting 3. Locate the windows and doors. Locate centerline first in frame walls. Indicate door swing and window type. 4. Draw the stairs. Measure width of stairs and lay out treads. 5. Locate and draw the fireplace. Identify type and size of fireplace. 42

Procedure—Manual Drafting Drawing steps 3, 4, and 5. 43

Procedure—Manual Drafting 6. Locate and draw walks, patios, and decks. 7. Draw the kitchen cabinets, appliances, and bathroom fixtures. Base cabinets are 24" deep (solid lines); wall cabinets 12" deep (dashed lines). Check code for fixture clearances. 8. Add dimensions, notes, and room names. 44

Procedure—Manual Drafting Drawing steps 6, 7, and 8. 45

Procedure—Manual Drafting 9. Add material and identification symbols. Add necessary symbols and darken remaining light lines. 10. Draw the title block and add the scale. Include the sheet number. 11. Check the entire drawing for accuracy and completeness. 46

Procedure—Manual Drafting Drawing steps 9, 10, and 11. 47

Drawing CADD Floor Plans Using CADD speeds up the process of drawing and designing a floor plan. Automatic wall generation, repetitive use of symbols, dimensioning features, and elimination of hand lettering reduce drafting time. You still need to know the basics of design! 48

CADD-Drawn Floor Plan 49 (SoftPlan Systems, Inc.)

CADD Packages Generic CADD packages can be used to draw floor plans. Software designed for architectural work is much preferred for these reasons: Includes an architectural symbols library. Includes architectural dimensioning styles. May include architectural font for lettering. 50

Drawing Procedure—CADD 1. Prepare a space diagram. Draw to scale with each room identified. 2. Draw the exterior and interior walls. Use the DOUBLE LINE, OFFSET, or similar command to draw the walls. Convert the space diagram into a floor plan. Check accuracy of wall thickness and lengths. 51

Drawing Procedure—CADD Step 1: Computer-generated space diagram. 52

Drawing Procedure—CADD Step 2: DOUBLE LINE method. 53

Drawing Procedure—CADD Step 2: Space diagram method. 54

Drawing Procedure—CADD Step 2: Wall area cleanup. 55

Drawing Procedure—CADD Step 2: A floor plan generated from a space diagram. All wall intersection cleanup was automatic. 56

Drawing Procedure—CADD 3. Locate the windows and doors. Dimension to the center of the unit in a frame wall structure. Plan the location of these elements to compliment the overall design. Use location dimensions that are at least multiples of 1". Include window sills, if desired. Use thinner lines on a separate layer. 57

Drawing Procedure—CADD Drawing step 3. 58

Drawing Procedure—CADD 4. Draw the stairs on a layer by itself. Show stair treads, handrails, and direction. 5. Locate and draw the fireplace. Use appropriate hatch patterns. 6. Locate and draw walks, patios, and porches on a separate layer. 7. Draw the kitchen cabinets, appliances, and bathroom fixtures. 59

Drawing Procedure—CADD Drawing steps 4, 5, 6, and 7. 60

Drawing Procedure—CADD 8. Add dimensions to the plan. All construction features should be dimensioned unless they are obvious. Position extension lines properly. Every exterior wall segment should have partial and overall length dimensions. Be sure dimensions are accurate, add up properly, and are on their own layer. 61

Drawing Procedure—CADD Drawing step 8. 62

Drawing Procedure—CADD 9. Add room names, notes, material hatch patterns, scale, and title. Use the TEXT command. Assign an appropriate layer. Add material symbols. Construct a title block. 10. Check over the entire drawing. 63

Drawing Procedure—CADD Drawing steps 9 and 10. 64