Agenda Warm Up 2. Discussion: Imperialism in Africa & India 4. Primary Document Analysis: Views of Imperialism HW: Imperialism: Good or Bad? Test Corrections Due Friday

Mass Society in the West Urban Focus Initially extremely cramped and unsanitary, life improves in the 1840s. Average life expectancy increases, as sewage is diverted from the streets to the sewers. Social Structure European Society, Elite control 40% of wealth, represent 5% of population. New Elite emerges, industrialists and merchants. Working Class still represents 80% of population

Women’s Rights and Education Legally inferior to men, defined by family and household roles. Decreasing birth rates during this period. Begin gaining rights in the 1870s in Britain. “Suffragist” emerges during this time. Education Mass education dominates by 1870s Industrialization and the Progressive Movement Politics, the need to “nationalize” the population.

Imperialism: Africa and India

Imperialism and Colonialism A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, and socially. Colonialism A policy in which a strong nation occupies territories already inhabited by indigenous people.

Before Imperialism Africa divided into hundreds of ethnic groups and tribes. Henry Stanley uses steamboat to explore Congo River Valley and reports all the resources.

Building Empires King Leopold II of Belgium start the move to control Africa. Claimed that he was attempting to abolish slave trade. Instead, exploited Africans forcing them to collect sap from rubber trees. 10 million dead Africans

Motives Wealth- new markets, raw materials means more to sell and trade Empire = greatness Social Darwinism- survival of the fittest applied to social change and imperialism. Westernize foreign lands

Enabling Imperialism Technological Superiority aided in conquering people. Steam Engine made travel easy, aided in controlling others. Quinine allowed Europeans to avoid the mosquito and diseases. In Africa, differences in language and tribes prevented solidarity against the imperialists.

Berlin Conference 1860s, discovery of diamonds and gold increased interest in Africa. 1884-1885- 14 countries meet and set up rules for territory in Africa. Any country could lay claim to lands, as long as they can control area, and notify other countries. Africa carved up with no thoughts to the tribes.

Resistance? East Africa attempted a spiritual defense, believing that sprinkling a magic water on them turned bullets into water… Maji Maji rebellion would lead to thousands killed by the machine gun. Ethiopia was more successful, pitting Italians and British against one another. Menelik II would build up an arsenal of modern weapons from both countries.

Video Break TIME!!!!!!

India: East India Company East India Company set up trading posts, and then took control of India. Armies called “Sepoys” with little interference from Britain. India is major supplier of raw materials. Limits set. Only British can purchase raw materials, and India can only buy British goods.

Suez Canal Egypt built it with funds from industrialized nations, mainly France. After the country could not repay debt ($450 Million), Britain assumes control of the Canal. Allows for quick access to India from England via the Mediterranean. British begins occupation in 1882.

Colonialism in India Different from Africa because British stayed. Modern road and railroad network, sanitation, and life improved. British have the all power. Cash crops = lower food production, starvation.

Indians Rebel! Sepoy Mutiny 1857- 1858 Major but unsuccessful rebellion Hindus and Muslims enraged, lack of respect for their culture. Soldiers were executed, massive fighting until additional troops sent from Britain. Same as Africa, lack of solidarity.

Effects of Mutiny Direct Control established in India. 1858 after rebellion. British Raj- India divided into provinces, controlled by British officials. Racist attitudes flourish. Distrust between Indians and British.