Water, pH, and Biological Molecules

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Whats so special about water? Its a great solvent. It holds tons of heat. It has high surface tension. Its less dense as a solid than a liquid. Water,
Advertisements

THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MACROMOLECULES
Biochemistry Organic Molecules.
What’s so special about water? It’s a great solvent. It hold’s tons of heat. It has high surface tension. Its less dense as a solid than a liquid. Water,
Vocabulary 16. Lipid Monosaccharide 17. Nucleotide Active site DNA
Biochemistry Chapter 6 Sections 3 & 4. Chemical Structure: Chemical Structure: O & H share electrons, but not equally O & H share electrons, but not equally.
Biochemistry Chapter 3. Water Section 2.3 Structure of Water  Held together by covalent bonds  2 atoms of H, 1 atom of O.
Pp  A carbon atom has 4 electrons available for bonding in its outer energy level.  To become stable, a carbon atom forms 4 covalent bonds.
THE MAJOR FUNCTION OF CARBOHYDRATES… Energy PRODUCTION (and STORAGE)
Honors Biology The molecules of Cells
Molecules of Life Chapter 3. Molecules Inorganic compound Nonliving matter Salts, water Organic compound Molecules of life Contains Carbon (C) and Hydrogen.
UNIT 1 – UNDERSTANDING LIFE ON EARTH BIOMOLECULES.
Because carbon contains 4 electrons in its outer shell, it can pair in many ways with many different atoms in an “attempt” to fill its outer shell. Carbon.
Biochemistry Chapter 3. Water polar compound  one end is slightly negative while the other is slightly positive polar compound  one end is slightly.
Biochemistry Chapter 3. Water Section 2.3 Structure of Water  Most abundant molecule  Held together by covalent bonds  2 atoms of H, 1 atom of O.
The Big 4 Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Um…..What’s up Doc?
What’s so special about water? It is a great solvent. It holds heat very well. It is the most important inorganic molecule. It is a polar compound Water,
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids
2-3 Carbon Compounds.
The Chemical Basis for Life (Bio.A.2). Properties Of Water Polarity – uneven distribution of electrons between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms –Oxygen is.
1 Biochemistry of Cells. 2 What you need to learn… 1.Why carbon? 2.Name the 4 macromolecules 3.Know the building block or monomer of each. 4.Know their.
2-3 Carbon Compounds. Carbon Compounds Organic chemistry – the study of compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms.
Molecules of Life Chapter 3. Molecules Inorganic compound Nonliving matter Salts, water Organic compound Molecules of life Contains Carbon (C) and Hydrogen.
Chapter 3 Biochemistry.
RECALL: What’s so special about water? It’s a great solvent. It hold’s tons of heat. It has high surface tension. Its less dense as a solid than a liquid.
Chapter 2 Chemistry of Life.
Unit 4- Biochemistry, Energy, & Enzymes
Chapter 3 The Molecules of Cells By Dr. Par Mohammadian Overview: -Carbon atom -Functional Groups -Major Biomolecules.
Biochemistry Chapters 4 & 5. A. The Importance of Carbon 1. Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds 2. Carbon atoms are the most versatile.
Organic Chemistry, The Building Blocks of Life, Chapter 6.4, Biology
Biochemistry Chapter 3. Water polar compound  one end is slightly negative while the other is slightly positive polar compound  one end is slightly.
Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic Acids Proteins Macromolecules.
Section 1: Atoms, Elements and Compounds.  Elements pure substances that cannot be broken down chemically  There are 4 main elements that make up 90%
Organic Chemistry Organic compounds contain the element carbon Occur naturally only in living organisms or in their products Out of the 92 elements found.
Inorganic and Organic Compounds Inorganic - not made by living things Organic - made by living things - carbon compounds - forms covalent bonds.
6.4 The Building Blocks of Life
Cell Chemistry Life depends on Chemistry What does this mean?????
Carbon-Based Molecules
Cell Chemistry.
Biology 140 Chapter 2 Notes.
Anatomy and Physiology- Chemistry
AP Bio Chapter 3 Organic chemistry.
INTRODUCTION TO BIOCHEMISTRY.
Ch. 3: Biochemistry Section 2
Macromolecules Biology Ms. Lew.
Molecules of Life All living things are made up of four classes of large molecules: Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Macromolecules.
KEY CONCEPT Carbon-based molecules are the foundation of life.
Notes Carbon Compounds Section 2-3.
Water, pH, and Biological Molecules
Carbon and Macromolecules
Unit 2 Part 1: Organic Compounds (Biomolecules) and Enzymes
Carbon Based Molecules
Macromolecules.
Macromolecules Biology Ms. Lew.
Do Now.
Organic Compounds Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic
Macromolecules Unit 1 Lesson 7
How does temperature and pH affect enzyme activity?
The Molecules of Cells Chapter Three.
KEY CONCEPT Carbon-based molecules are the foundation of life.
Macromolecules Biology ch. 2-3.
KEY CONCEPT Carbon-based molecules are the foundation of life.
Chapter 3 Biological Molecules
Biochemistry Honor’s Biology.
9/23/2011 Objective: Describe properties of each of the four classes of macromolecule Warm-Up: Write down two questions you have from this week.
Organic Molecules Chapter 6, section 4.
Biological Macromolecules
LEQ: How do biological molecules store information?
Organic Compounds Necessities for Life.
The Molecules of Cells Chapter Three.
Presentation transcript:

Water, pH, and Biological Molecules 2/23/2019 Water, pH and Biological Molecules What’s so special about water? It’s a great solvent. It hold’s tons of heat. It has high surface tension. Its less dense as a solid than a liquid. G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

Water as a Solvent Dissolving table salt (sodium chloride)

Water Is Lighter as Solid than as a Liquid This means that ice forms an insulating blanket over water.

Water Has High Surface Tension The attraction of one water molecule for another also accounts for ability to hold huge amounts of heat.

pH is a Big Deal pH is a measure of proton (hydrogen ion or H+) concentration . Low pH = lots of H+s, high pH = few H+s. In biology, keeping H+ levels within a narrow range is critically important.

Acids and Bases An acid produces H+ A base absorbs H+

Carbon’s Cool Carbon is the central atom of life. Because carbon contains 4 electrons in its outer shell, it can pair in many ways with many different atoms in an “attempt” to fill its outer shell.

Carbon is the Central Atom of Life. glucose amino acids fat

Some Useful Nomenclature

In Biology, Shape Matters Its not just chemical formula, it’s the shape of the molecule that lets it do its “job”. Never forget the axiom – structure dictates function. Some biological molecules.

Ah, That Smell! Once again, shape matters. It’s the good fit between odorant and receptor molecule that lets us detect aromas.

Molecules of Life Four Major Classes of Biological Molecules How do you build a cell? Start with water, add lots of small carbon-containing molecules and ……. Four Major Classes of Biological Molecules

Rules of the Game Macromolecules are built by linking a set of building blocks (monomers) together into long chains (a polymer). Each hexagon is this figure is a monomeric building block linked together to form a polymer.

Macromolecules Are Built By Linking a Set Of Building Blocks (Monomers) Together Into Long Chains (A Polymer).

Glucose: A Simple Carbohydrate Used For Energy Production and as a Building Block For Complex Carbohydrates

Linking Simple Sugars – the First Step to a Polymer and the Last Step to Some Familiar Compounds

Some Familiar and Important Complex Carbohydrates Note the way complex macromolecule are built by linking simple repeating units.

Carbohydrates are Central Players in Energy Production and Storage

Lipids are Hydrophobic Molecules That Exist In Three Primary Forms Fat Sterol Phospholipid

Space-filling model of a fat Fats Are Made By Linking Fatty Acid Chains to Glycerol, a Three Carbon Molecule A fatty acid

Fats are Used in Energy Storage and Production

The Degree Of Saturation In A Fat Affects Its Physical And Nutritional Properties Where are the double bonds?

saturated monounsaturated polyunsaturated The Degree Of Saturation In A Fat Affects Its Physical And Nutritional Properties Where are the double bonds?

Water, pH, and Biological Molecules 2/23/2019 Sterols Are Part of Cellular Membranes and Act as Hormones Note the four ring structure common to all sterols. G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

Water, pH, and Biological Molecules 2/23/2019 Sterols As Hormones Estrogen, testosterone, progesterone, and corticosteriods (cortisol) are all steroid hormones. G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

Water, pH, and Biological Molecules 2/23/2019 A heavily muscled Linford Christie who was disqualified from international competition after testing positive for a banned steroid. Sterols As Hormones “Designer steroids” are major sporting news where they have been used illegally in track and field, baseball, football and countless other sports. G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010

Phospholipids are Building Blocks of Cellular Membranes The hydrophilic head group and hydrophobic tails are the keys to phospholipid function.

Hydrophilic Head Group And Hydrophobic Tails Are The Keys To Phospholipid Function Phospholipids have a Jekyll and Hyde personality.

Phospholipids Form Biological Membranes

Protein Proteins are THE key elements of life. Forget DNA, proteins rule. Remember the principle - structure determines function. Since proteins are the key players of the cell, it follows that protein structure determines cell function.

Some of the Diverse Functions of Proteins

Strands of the Protein Keratin Create Hair

Proteins are Linear Chains of Linked Amino Acids

A Common Thread and a Unique Identity

Amino Acids, Peptide Bonds, Polypeptides, Protein Proteins are linear chains of 20 different building blocks called amino acids. Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds – a form of covalent bond.

Proteins are Folded Structures Whose Shape (and therefore function) Depends on Amino Acid Sequence

Nucleic Acids There are two kinds of nucleic acids, DNA and RNA. Both are involved in the storage and flow of information from gene to gene product. DNA

Nucleotides are DNA and RNA Building Blocks

Water, pH, and Biological Molecules 2/23/2019 Nucleotides are Important in Their Own Right ATP, the cell’s primary energy currency. Nucleotides fuel the cell and coordinate its metabolism. G. Podgorski, Biol. 1010