Penehyclidine hydrochloride preserves the intestinal barrier function in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass  Ying-jie Sun, PhD, Dan-dan Song,

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Penehyclidine hydrochloride preserves the intestinal barrier function in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass  Ying-jie Sun, PhD, Dan-dan Song, MD, Yu-gang Diao, PhD, Jin Zhou, PhD, Tie-zheng Zhang, MD  The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  Volume 146, Issue 1, Pages 179-185 (July 2013) DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.01.042 Copyright © 2013 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Blood glucose and lactic acid levels in both groups were significantly Increased after the onset of CPB and peaked at 6 hours postoperatively (P < .05). Blood glucose levels were statistically lower in the PHC group than in the control group at 10 minutes after the release of aorta clamping (P = .031) and at 2 hours postoperatively (P = .025). Lactic acid levels were statistically less in the PHC group than in the control group immediately after weaning from CPB (P = .019). PHC, Penehyclidine hydrochloride. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2013 146, 179-185DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.01.042) Copyright © 2013 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 I-FABP, D-lactate, and LPS levels in both groups were significantly increased after the onset of CPB (P < .05). I-FABP, D-lactate, and LPS levels peaked at 6 hours postoperatively, 2 hours postoperatively, and immediately after weaning from CPB, respectively. I-FABP levels were statistically lower in the PHC group than in the control group at 10 minutes after the release of the aortic clamp (P = .015), at 2 hours postoperatively (P = .033), and at 6 hours postoperatively (P = .046). D-lactate levels were statistically less in the PHC group than in the control group immediately after weaning from CPB (P = .039) and at 2 hours postoperatively (P = .028). LPS levels were statistically less in the PHC group than in the control group immediately after weaning from CPB (P = .036), 2 hours postoperatively (P = .029), and 6 hours postoperatively (P = .034). I-FABP, Intestinal fatty acid binding protein; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; PHC, penehyclidine hydrochloride. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2013 146, 179-185DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.01.042) Copyright © 2013 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 IL-6 and IL-10 levels in both groups were significantly increased after the onset of CPB and peaked at 6 hours postoperatively (P < .05). IL-6 levels were statistically lower in the PHC group than in the control group at 2 hours postoperatively (P = .024) and at 6 hours postoperatively (P = .043). There were no differences in IL-10 levels postoperatively between the 2 groups (P > .05). IL, Interleukin; PHC, penehyclidine hydrochloride. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2013 146, 179-185DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.01.042) Copyright © 2013 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions