Functional Functions: Transfer of Math Proficiency in Physics and Chemistry Elizabeth Grotemeyer, Jennifer Delgado, Sarah Rush, Drew Vartia, Chris Fischer The Problem with Math in Science Participation and Retention Many students in introductory science lectures and labs appear to lack the ability to apply the basic logical, math, and quantitative reasoning skills necessary to succeed in these courses. This inability to use math and logical reasoning successfully impedes these students from reaching the science goals of these courses. We believe that these students, if given more opportunity and resources to practice logical and mathematical reasoning in a science setting, could better learn physics, chemistry, and the associated lab skills in introductory natural science courses. To confront this, we developed a supplemental instruction module in Blackboard to explicitly tie graphical physics problems to the underlying math skills with which students are more familiar. This diagram shows the conversion of students between the sections. The supplement was available to all 329 students in PHSX 216. About 1/3 of students completed the supplement, but more than this tried but eventually quit the supplement. Surveys from students indicated that lack of time, difficulty with Blackboard answer response and occasionally confusion about the instructions were mentioned as reasons they did not continue. Many of these issues can be fixed in a future implementation and hopefully lead to improved student retention. Structure of the Supplement – PHSX 216 Section 1: Pre Quiz A test of using graphs to solve problems in a physics context. Section 2: Math Students start this section by taking a quiz on graph-based pure math problems. There are four sections to the supplement. Passing a section will earns students an "achievement badge" alerting them to their success and 5 points. Students were not able to go onto the subsequent section until they had earned the badge for the proceeding section. Each part began with a small quiz. Passing that quiz earns the badge and allows the student to continue to the next section straight away. If students do not pass the test, they will be given access to videos and practice questions to help them develop the skills and knowledge needed to try the test again. After trying these exercises students can try that section's test again. Transfer and Gain - Spring 2018 Adaptation to Chemistry Section 2 Remediation: Students are asked to watch videos that explain how to use graphs to find the equation of a line and try problems on these skills. Then students are offered unlimited additional chances on the Math Quiz until they pass. Pass Initial Math Quiz No Post vs Pre Scores per Student Our next step is to adapt the supplement for use in Chemistry. Part of this adaptation will be to address the issues that could be causing a student to leave the supplement. A large part will be to expand the range of math topics covered, and of course create chemistry versions of the problems. 10 Yes 9 Section 3: Implementation Students start this section by taking a quiz on graph-based pure physics problems. Problems are identical in form and required math to section 2, only the terms used are different. 8 7 We opened this supplement for PHSX 216 in Spring 2018. All pre and post quiz scores for which we have both scores for a student. In general we see a gain in these scores since more dots are above the line than below it. Yes Pass 2nd Chance No 6 Post Score Math Quiz 5 4 3 2 Section 3 Remediation: Students are asked to watch videos that explain the relation between these problems and the ones they just completed in section 2. They then practice these problems. After review, students are offered unlimited additional chances on the Implementation Quiz until they pass. 1 Pass Initial Implementation Quiz No 1 2 3 4 5 Pre Score 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Section 4: Post Quiz A test of using graphs to solve problems in a physics context. We divided the students into groups based on the the number of sections and subsections they attempted or completed. We defined subsections such that there was one subsection each for sections 2 and 3, for a total of 6 groups when including the main 4 sections. Some students completed less than the four minimum sections of the supplement because they did not finish the supplement but were able to finish the post quiz late. We then plotted normalized gain averaged over students in the group vs the number of sections for that group. Normalized Gain vs Work Done in Supplement 0.4 0.3 Pass 2nd Chance Implementation No 0.2 Quiz Average Normalized Gain 0.1 -0.1 y = 0.0733x - 0.1977 R² = 0.7296 The physics-based supplement created problem pools that were primarily linear due to time constraints. We plan to expand the supplement to include non-linear functions this summer. This will not only be useful to chemistry as this example problem shows, but will also allow for more interesting physics problems to be added as well. -0.2 -0.3 Example of physics-based graph problem use in the Pre/Post quiz. -0.4 1 2 3 4 5 6 Number of Supplement Sections/subsections Attempted 7 This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Number DUE1525775. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.