24.1 The Structure of Cells Two major cell types occur in nature: the cells of bacteria, known as prokaryotic cells, and the cells of all other organisms, known as eukaryotic cells.

24.1 The Structure of Cells Cells of bacteria. Prokaryotic cells were present on Earth at least 3 billion years ago. Typical prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are shown here. Note that only the eukaryotic cell has a nucleus. Comparing and Contrasting How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells compare in size?

24.1 The Structure of Cells All organisms other than bacteria. Eukaryotic cell did not appear until about 1 billion years ago. Typical prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are shown here. Note that only the eukaryotic cell has a nucleus. Comparing and Contrasting How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells compare in size?

The Energy and Carbon Cycle 24.1 The Energy and Carbon Cycle The chloroplast is a light-capturing system that converts light energy into chemical energy by a process called photosynthesis. The reactions of photosynthesis take place on the inner membranes and in the spaces between membranes of a chloroplast.

The Energy and Carbon Cycle 24.1 The Energy and Carbon Cycle Photosynthesis uses the energy from sunlight to reduce carbon dioxide to compounds that contain C—H bonds, mainly in the form of glucose (C6H12O6).

The Energy and Carbon Cycle 24.1 The Energy and Carbon Cycle Both plants and animals get energy by unleashing the energy stored in the chemical bonds of carbon compounds. The nutrients are oxidized back to carbon dioxide and water in the process.

The Energy and Carbon Cycle 24.1 The Energy and Carbon Cycle In the energy and carbon cycle, photosynthesis and the oxidation of glucose are responsible for the major transformations and movements of carbon. Plants, such as rain forest trees, release oxygen into the atmosphere through photosynthesis. Interpreting Diagrams In which part of the cycle is oxygen released?

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