The Nervous System

The Reflex Arc ________ – rapid, predictable, and involuntary responses to stimuli Reflex arc – direct route from a _______ neuron, to an ____________, to an ________ Figure 7.11a

Cerebral Hemispheres (Cerebrum) Paired (left and right) superior parts of the brain Include more than ______________________________ The surface is made of ridges (_____) and grooves (______) Figure 7.13a

Lobes of the Cerebrum __________ (deep grooves) divide the cerebrum into lobes Surface lobes of the cerebrum ___________

Lobes of the Cerebrum Figure 7.15a

Specialized Areas of the Cerebrum Somatic _______ area – receives impulses from the body’s sensory receptors Primary ______area – sends impulses to _________ ________ __________– involved in our ability to speak

Sensory and Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex Figure 7.14

Specialized Areas of the Cerebrum Figure 7.13c

Composed mostly of ________ ______ ________ Layers of the Cerebrum ________ matter Outer layer Composed mostly of ________ ______ ________ Figure 7.13a

Layers of the Cerebrum _______ ______ ______ _____ inside the gray matter Example: __________ ____________ connects hemispheres Figure 7.13a

Diencephalon Sits on top of the brain stem Enclosed by the cerebral heispheres Made of three parts ___________

Diencephalon Figure 7.15

Surrounds the _______ ventricle Thalamus Surrounds the _______ ventricle The relay station for _________ __________ Transfers impulses to the correct part of the cortex for localization and interpretation

Important autonomic nervous system center Hypothalamus Under the thalamus Important autonomic nervous system center Helps _______ ________ ___________ Controls _______ ____________ Regulates _____________

An important part of the limbic system (emotions) Hypothalamus An important part of the limbic system (emotions) The _________ _______is attached to the hypothalamus

Forms the roof of the third ventricle Epithalamus Forms the roof of the third ventricle Houses the ________ ____(an endocrine gland) Includes the ________ ________– forms ______________ ___________

Attaches to the spinal cord Parts of the brain stem __________ _______ __________ ____________

Brain Stem Figure 7.15a

Midbrain Mostly composed of tracts of nerve fibers Has two bulging fiber tracts – _________ ____________ Has four rounded protrusions – ___________ ________________ Reflex centers for _______ and _________

The bulging center part of the brain stem Pons The bulging center part of the brain stem Mostly composed of _______ ______ Includes _______ involved in the control of ____________

Medulla Oblongata The lowest part of the brain stem Merges into the spinal cord Includes important fiber tracts Contains important control centers ______________________ __________