Tuberculosis comorbidity with communicable and non-communicable diseases: integrating health services and control efforts Ben J Marais, FCPaed, Knut Lönnroth, PhD, Stephen D Lawn, FRCP, Prof Giovanni Battista Migliori, FRCP, Peter Mwaba, FRCP, Philippe Glaziou, MD, Matthew Bates, PhD, Ruth Colagiuri, GCHPM, Prof Lynn Zijenah, PhD, Soumya Swaminathan, MD, Prof Ziad A Memish, FRCP, Michel Pletschette, FRCP, Prof Michael Hoelscher, FRCP, Prof Ibrahim Abubakar, FRCP, Rumina Hasan, FRCPath, Afia Zafar, FRCPath, Guiseppe Pantaleo, PhD, Gill Craig, PhD, Peter Kim, MD, Prof Markus Maeurer, FRCP, Marco Schito, PhD, Prof Alimuddin Zumla, FRCP The Lancet Infectious Diseases Volume 13, Issue 5, Pages 436-448 (May 2013) DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70015-X Copyright © 2013 World Health Organization. Published by Elsevier Ltd/Inc/BV. All rights reserved. Terms and Conditions
Figure 1 Worldwide incidence of tuberculosis, prevalence of HIV and diabetes in adults, and deaths from COPD in boys and men (A) Estimated incidence of tuberculosis per 100 000 population in 2011. Data sourced from reference 16. (B) Prevalence of HIV in people age 15–49 years in 2011. (C) Prevalence of adults age 25 years or older with blood glucose greater than 7 mmol/L in 2008. (D) COPD mortality per 100 000 boys and men in 2008. Data for B–D sourced from WHO's Global Health Observatory (accessed Nov 20, 2012). COPD=chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2013 13, 436-448DOI: (10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70015-X) Copyright © 2013 World Health Organization. Published by Elsevier Ltd/Inc/BV. All rights reserved. Terms and Conditions
Figure 2 Determinants of community exposure and vulnerability that sustain the tuberculosis epidemic *Optimum control interventions for tuberculosis should achieve reductions in community exposure and vulnerability. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2013 13, 436-448DOI: (10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70015-X) Copyright © 2013 World Health Organization. Published by Elsevier Ltd/Inc/BV. All rights reserved. Terms and Conditions