28 November 2011 Respiratory And Renal Physiology Ulster Orchestra with James Galway James Galway with Boston Pops Announcements: Test # 3 Monday Dec 5th: CV, Respiratory & part of Renal Feedback on Hemorrhage Diagrams: TAs and Schedule Lab This Week: Respiration Case Studies & Spirometry. Save paper: don’t print out lab materials. Bring textbook and calculator to lab.

1QQ 31 for 8:30 What is the partial pressure of oxygen in the tissues surrounding systemic capillaries and list three conditions lower the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen as it passes through these systemic capillaries. At what arterial partial pressure of oxygen does ventilation steeply increase in response to further drops in PO2. Why is this so? Why aren’t the central chemoreceptors stimulated by lactic acid when metabolism increases?

1QQ 31 for 9:30 What is the partial pressure of oxygen in the tissues surrounding systemic capillaries and list three conditions lower the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen as it passes through these systemic capillaries. At what arterial partial pressure of oxygen does ventilation steeply increase in response to further drops in PO2. Why is this so? What are the several roles of hemoglobin?

Figure 13.36 S 1

Carbonic Acid Bicarbonate S 2 CO2 + H20 ↔ H2CO3 ↔ H+ + HCO3- Carbonic Acid Bicarbonate

Figure 13.22 S 3

Figure 13.32 Negative feedback loop for control of blood gases S 4 Cervical spinal cord injury

Figure 13.40 S 5 Name the components of the negative feedback loop

Respiratory Physiology during Exercise Blood gases and pH change very little except when exercise is intense. Therefore, changes in minute ventilation are not the result of negative feeback. How can this be?

Experience, learning, modification of motor program, feed forward! S 7 Negative feedback operates! But the changes in ventilation at the onset and offset of exercise cannot be explained by negative feedback. Experience, learning, modification of motor program, feed forward!

Figure 13.43 S 8 Integrator

S 9

S S 10 Secretion Reabsorption Filtration

Renal Physiology Structures of the kidney Four fundamental renal mechanisms Filtration Reabsorption Secretion Metabolism Functions of the kidneys Homeostasis Fluid balance (blood pressure) Electrolyte balance (blood pressure, membrane excitability) Acid-base balance (in concert with lungs)

Table 14.02

Lab next week for some: Extra 800 ml intake! Sidebar: some desert animals never drink and must obtain all their water in the diet.

Table 14.04 Lab next week for some: Extra 7 g intake!

Kidneys are source of 3 hormones: Renin, EPO, and Vit D. Kidneys are targets of 3 hormones: ADH, Aldosterone, ANH S 15 Nephron = tubule Tubular fluid vs urine Topics discussed: cortex, medulla, kidney stones, micturition (detrussor, internal and external urethra sphincters and innervation), incidence of bladder infections by gender, urethral sphincters