Chapter 5 Photosynthesis

Question of the Day Why do organisms need a constant supply of energy? Movement Growth Metabolism

Energy and living things Metabolism _______________ Involves using energy to build molecules or breaking down molecules in which energy is stored Photosynthesis Process by which __________ energy is converted to ___________ energy. Cellular Respiration Metabolic process takes ________ and transforms it into ___________ light chemical food ATP

Autotrophs sunlight organic Organisms that use energy from ______________ or inorganic substances to make ____________ compounds. Examples: sunlight organic

Heterotrophs Organisms that get energy from __________ instead of directly from ______________ or from inorganic substances Examples: food sunlight

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) “Burning” Food concept Energy Heat released Rest stored Remember: Chemical Reactions Reactant (starch) + enzymes = glucose molecules Reactant (glucose) + enzymes = ATP + Carbon dioxide + Water

ATP Made up of… ATP -> ADP + P + energy Powers metabolism 1 ____________ 2 extra energy storing _____________ groups Stores energy like a ____________ Bonds break => energy ___________ ATP -> ADP + P + energy Powers metabolism nucleotide Phosphate spring released

Photosynthesis Carbon Dioxide + Water --(light)- Sugar + Oxygen Steps 1- energy captured from _________ 2- _________ energy converted to _________ energy (as ATP and NADPH) 3- __________ energy powers the formation of organic compounds using ____________________ sun light chemical chemical Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Stage 1 (light energy absorbed) AKA “light reactions” Light comes to us as wavelengths The light WE see exists in the visible light _____nm – _____nm wavelengths Pigment absorb different wavelengths of light Pigments are light absorbing substances Chlorophyll – absorbs blue and red and reflects green and yellow 400 700

Stage 1 (light energy absorbed) Two types of chlorophyll ___ and __ Carotenoids Pigments that produce the fall colors as well as veggie, fruits, flowers Absorb ________ wavelengths of light than chlorophyll different

Stage 1 (continued) Production of oxygen _____________ thylakoids Are inside of chloroplasts, and hold pigments Light hits them, energy transferred to electrons in the ___________ Electrons become ___________ and jump to the next level Electrons move to power stage 2, and are replaced by ____________ molecules thylakoids chlorophyll excited water

Stage 2 (Light energy converted to chemical energy) electron ______________ passed down to nearby molecules like a line of people passing a ball. Electron Transport Chain Carrier proteins act as ____________ and ion channels ______________ a reaction and adds a phosphorus group to the ADP enzymes catalyzes

Stage 2 (Light energy converted to chemical energy) The last ETC made ATP, the next one makes …. NADPH An electron _________ that provides the high energy electrons needed to make the C-H bonds in the 3rd stage NADP+ + H+  NADPH carrier

Stage 3 (energy stored in organic compounds) AKA “dark reactions” Carbon dioxide ___________ : transfer of carbon dioxide to organic compounds. Example… ______________________: Series of enzyme-assisted chemical reactions that produces a three-carbon sugar fixation Calvin Cycle

Calvin Cycle Summary… CO2 Phosphate organic used Each molecule of _____ is added to a 5 carbon compound by an enzyme Resulting 6 carbon splits into two 3 carbon compounds. _____________ from ATP and Electrons from NADPH are added forming 3 carbon sugars One 3C sugar used to make __________ compounds (stored as carbs: starch/sucrose) The other is ___________ in the cycle to make the original 5 carbon compound Phosphate organic used