Energy and climate.

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Presentation transcript:

Energy and climate

Conveyor Belt

Magnitudes and rates of future climate change

Earth’s energy budget

SHEBA: Surface Heat Energy Budget of the Arctic

SHEBA: an “opportunistic” lead

Global mean energy balance

Clouds and smoke plumes as indicators for dynamics and stratification

Mountain waves

Lenticularis clouds, Magdalena Mts Lenticularis clouds, Magdalena Mts., New Mexico (they don’t move with the wind)

Lenticularis, cumulus, cirrus (note the different turbulence intensities)

Lee waves above Hawaiian islands

Dry and moist convection

Shallow convection

Cloud streets and rolls

Shallow convection (cloud bands)

Deep convection

Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (computer simulation)

Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in the lower troposphere

Hurricane Mitch

Smoke plumes, rising vertically

Smoke plumes, stable stratification

Wildfires in Colorado, 2002

Stable stratification in the morning of Sep 11, 2001

WTC plumes, after Sep 11 attacks

Drifting snow: laminar flow close to the ground