Jason Zakko, BA, Salvatore Scali, MD, Adam W. Beck, MD, Charles T

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Percutaneous thoracic endovascular aortic repair is not contraindicated in obese patients  Jason Zakko, BA, Salvatore Scali, MD, Adam W. Beck, MD, Charles T. Klodell, MD, Thomas M. Beaver, MD, MS, Tomas D. Martin, MD, Thomas S. Huber, MD, PhD, Robert J. Feezor, MD  Journal of Vascular Surgery  Volume 60, Issue 4, Pages 921-928 (October 2014) DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.04.051 Copyright © 2014 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Method of femoral access vessel assessment. The common femoral artery (CFA) was located at the mid–femoral head, and a measurement from the skin to the anterior vessel wall was obtained to determine access vessel depth (A). The left-right (B) and anterior-posterior (C) inner vessel diameters as well as plaque morphology and calcium score were obtained for each vessel accessed with a sheath that was 20F outer diameter or larger. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2014 60, 921-928DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2014.04.051) Copyright © 2014 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Patient and access vessel selection for percutaneous thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). A total of 536 patients were available at the time of analysis, with 365 arteries from 355 patients accessed with a sheath that was ≥20F outer diameter. Of these, 336 were successfully closed percutaneously by the preclose technique, with 29 failures. When body mass index (BMI) ≥30 was used as a definition of obesity, it was not associated with a higher rate of failure (P = NS vs nonobese patients). Journal of Vascular Surgery 2014 60, 921-928DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2014.04.051) Copyright © 2014 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Body mass index (BMI) and access vessel morphology trends. These scatter plots demonstrate that as expected, the access vessel depth is greater as the patient's BMI increases (A). Of note, the inner vessel diameter also tended to be larger with increasing BMI (B). Journal of Vascular Surgery 2014 60, 921-928DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2014.04.051) Copyright © 2014 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Preclose failure management during thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). Preclose failure was defined as the inability to achieve hemostasis and to maintain limb perfusion without the need for common femoral artery (CFA) exposure or obligate surgical repair of the vessel within a 30-day postoperative period (see Methods section for further details). Three hematomas were documented clinically and confirmed with duplex ultrasound and managed expectantly (no transfusion or evacuation). All of these hematomas resolved during postoperative follow-up. Of the other 26 failures, four required an iliofemoral bypass, 10 required an endarterectomy and patch angioplasty, and 12 arteriotomies were repaired primarily. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2014 60, 921-928DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2014.04.051) Copyright © 2014 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Probability of preclose failure during percutaneous thoracic endovascular aortic repair (P-TEVAR). This graph demonstrates some of the univariate associations with preclose failure during P-TEVAR. Notably, factors such as age and sheath diameter were linearly correlated with failure; however, body mass index (BMI) had an inverse relationship (eg, ↓BMI ∝ ↑failure rate). Of the three demonstrated variables in this graph, only sheath diameter independently predicted failure in multivariable analysis. The optimal prediction model was obtained in accounting for the interaction of sheath size and access vessel inner diameter. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2014 60, 921-928DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2014.04.051) Copyright © 2014 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 6 Interaction between access vessel diameter and sheath size. This plot demonstrates the interaction between the femoral access vessel diameter and sheath size ratio as a function of the patient's body mass index (BMI). A decreasing access vessel diameter to sheath size ratio (eg, smaller vessel and larger sheaths) was an independent predictor of preclose failure during percutaneous thoracic endovascular aortic repair (P-TEVAR). Journal of Vascular Surgery 2014 60, 921-928DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2014.04.051) Copyright © 2014 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions