Julia D'Agostino, Paige Buchwald, Meghan Meenan Bacteria   Julia D'Agostino, Paige Buchwald, Meghan Meenan 

Overview Bacteria Classification and Characteristics: Kingdoms of Bacteria Eubacteria Gram Staining

Archaea Archaebacteria Unicellular and prokaryotic membranes Methanogens  Archaebacteria  Unicellular and prokaryotic membranes  The cell structures are cell walls without peptidoglycan  Live in extreme temperatures (hot/cold) without oxygen  Halophines  Paige Buchwald 

Bacteria Eubacteria Cell type is prokaryote that is unicellular  Streptococcus Eubacteria  Cell type is prokaryote that is unicellular  Cell structure contains cell walls with peptidoglycan  In all organisms that contain a nucleus  Escherichia coil  Paige Buchwald 

Criteria for identification and classification Movement- self propelled  Shape- influences the ability to acquire nutrients  Size- range from 0.2-10 microns/micrometers  Obtain energy- photosynthesis, breaking down chemical compounds. Paige Buchwald 

3 different shapes  Cocci  are round cells, slightly flattened when they are next to one another. Bacilli are rod-shaped bacteria. Spirilla, bacteria which can range from slight curve corkscrew-like spiral. Paige Buchwald 

How Does Bacteria Move? Using the Flagella Spitochaetes, responsible for rotation of the cell Gliding mobility Julia D'Agostino

Structure of Eubacteria Cell wall Cell membrane Pili Ribosome DNA Flagellum Julia D'Agostino

Functions Cell wall- sturdy structure outside of the cell membrane of a plant cell Cell membrane- surrounds the cell that provides protection and support Peptidoglycan- substance that forms cell walls of bacteria Ribosome- Protein factories Julia D'Agostino

Functions Flagellum- a whip-like structure that allows bacteria to swim DNA- Carrier of genetic information Pili- A hair-like appendage on the surface of Bacteria Julia D'Agostino

What is Gram Staining? Tells the difference between gram positive and negative organisms  Allows doctors to identify diseases in bacteria Meghan Meenan

How it's done Four step process The primary stain Iodine Decolorizer The counterstain  Meghan Meenan

Gram Positive Staining Stains cell purple because the thick layer of  peptidoglycans Bacteria is present in cell Cell takes in crystal violet Color remains in cell after decolorizing Meghan Meenan

Gram Negative Staining The cell turns red because thin layer of peptidoglycans Bacteria is not present in cell Cell also takes in crystal violet  Cell wall can't hold color Meghan Meenan

ABC's  Which of the following characteristics belong to the Archaea kingdoms of bacteria? Contain walls without peptidoglycan  Contain walls without peptidoglycan  Are in organisms with a nucleus  A Paige Buchwald

A ABC's Which is a shape of bacteria? Spirilla Archea Eubacteria Paige Buchwald

ABC's What structure is a whip-like structure that allows bacteria to swim? A. Flagella B. Pili C. Peptidoglycan D. Cell membrane A Julia D'Agostino

ABC's What is the function of the cell membrane? A. Allow the cell to move B. Make proteins C. Surround and protect the cell D. Carry genetic information C Julia D'Agostino

ABC's What color does the cell turn in Gram Positive Staining? A. Red B. Yellow C. Black D. Purple D Meghan Meenan

B ABC's What does Gram Positive and Negative Staining Determine? A. Type of bacteria B. Presence of bacteria C. Color of cell D. Size of cell B Meghan Meenan

Overview Bacteria Classification and Characteristics: Kingdoms of Bacteria Eubacteria Gram Staining