What is the frequency of A1 in the next generation?

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Presentation transcript:

What is the frequency of A1 in the next generation? p2w11 + pqw12 pt + 1 = p2w11 + 2pqw12 + q2w22 What is the change in frequency of A2 per generation? After some algebra Dp = pt + 1 - pt = p / w (pw11 + qw12 - w ) With this equation we can substitute values for relative fitness and analyze various cases of selection.

Gene Action Fitness Relationship A1A1 A1A2 A2A2 1 + s 1 + s 1 Dominance A1A1 A1A2 A2A2 1 + s 1 1 Recessivity A1A1 A1A2 A2A2 1 + s 1 1 + t Overdominance A1A1 A1A2 A2A2 1 + s 1 1 + t Underdominance

Dominance Genotype A1A1 A1A2 A2A2 Fitness 1 + s 1 + s 1 S = 0.01 A1

Recessive Genotype A1A1 A1A2 A2A2 Fitness 1 + s 1 1 S = 0.01 A1

Evolution in lab populations of flour beetles support theoretical predictions. Dawson (1970)

Overdominance/Heterozygote Superiority Genotype A1A1 A1A2 A2A2 Fitness 1 + s 1 1 + t S = - 0.02 t = - 0.04 Stable equilibrium is reached A1 Genetic diversity is maintained

Viable allele did not fix in the population Mukai and Burdick 1958

Underdominance Genotype A1A1 A1A2 A2A2 Fitness 1 + s 1 1 + t S = 0.01 t = 0.02 Unstable equilibrium A1 A1 maybe fixed or lost from the population

Frequency-Dependent Selection Allele frequencies in a population remain near an equilibrium because selection favors the rarer allele. As a result, both alleles are maintained in the population. Perissodus

12.14(2) Multiple-niche polymorphism in the black-bellied seedcracker C:\Figures\Chapter12\high-res\Evolution-Fig-12-14-2.jpg

12.12 Gene flow reduces adaptation to fish predation among larvae of a salamander C:\Figures\Chapter12\high-res\Evolution-Fig-12-12-0.jpg

12.7(1) Plots of mean fitness (v) against allele frequency (p) for one locus with two alleles C:\Figures\Chapter12\high-res\Evolution-Fig-12-07-1.jpg

12.7(2) Plots of mean fitness (v) against allele frequency (p) for one locus with two alleles C:\Figures\Chapter12\high-res\Evolution-Fig-12-07-2.jpg

12.7(3) Plots of mean fitness (v) against allele frequency (p) for one locus with two alleles C:\Figures\Chapter12\high-res\Evolution-Fig-12-07-3.jpg

12.7(4) Plots of mean fitness (v) against allele frequency (p) for one locus with two alleles C:\Figures\Chapter12\high-res\Evolution-Fig-12-07-4.jpg

12.20(1) A peak shift due to the joint action of genetic drift and natural selection C:\Figures\Chapter12\high-res\Evolution-Fig-12-20-1.jpg

12.20(2) A peak shift due to the joint action of genetic drift and natural selection C:\Figures\Chapter12\high-res\Evolution-Fig-12-20-2.jpg