d'n'sL b]jfgL -;+lxtf_ P]g, @)&$ efu # kfl/jfl/s sfg"g k|f=8f=zzL clwsf/L

Marriage It wasn’t so long ago that living with a partner before getting married was viewed as immoral and shunned by many. Yet, with divorce rates at their highest between 1980 and 1990, Couples have started to move in together prior to getting married to test if they’re compatible with one another, and YouGov poll confirms that in 2017, a majority of Americans (44%) say that cohabiting with a partner prior to marriage is a beneficial relationship practice.

USA According to the United States Government Accountability Office (GAO), there are 1,138 statutory provisions in which marital status is a factor in determining benefits, rights, and privileges. These rights were a key issue in the debate over federal recognition of same-sex marriage. Under the 1996 Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), the federal government was prohibited from recognizing same-sex couples who were lawfully married under the laws of their state.

On June 26, 2015, in the case of Obergefell v On June 26, 2015, in the case of Obergefell v. Hodges, the Supreme Court ruled that marriage is a fundamental right guaranteed to all citizens, and thus legalized same-sex marriage nationwide.

England Marriage Act 1949  both the parties to the marriage have attained the age of twenty-one at the time of the marriage and the younger party has not at any time before attaining the age of eighteen been a child of the family in relation to the other party. Common-law spouses Although the terms common-law wife or husband are frequently used to describe a couple who live together, these relationships do not have legal recognition.

Marriage You can choose a civil or religious marriage, but in some cases, a religious marriage alone will not be valid and you will also need a civil marriage. Validity Proof of a marriage can be:- a certified copy of an entry in a UK register of marriages; or a marriage certificate issued in the country where the marriage took place.

Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013 Extension of marriage to same sex couples Religious protection Marriage according to religious rites: no compulsion to celebrate etc

India The Hindu Marriage Act 1955. Hindu Succession Act (1956), Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act (1956), Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act (1956).

the bridegroom has completed the age of twenty-one years and the bride the age of eighteen years at the time of the marriage; the parties are not within the degrees of prohibited relationship unless the custom or usage governing each of them permits of a marriage between the two;

Same sex Marriage India does not recognize same-sex marriage or civil unions. The following acts cover India's marriage laws: Indian Christian Marriage Act of 1872 Special Marriage Act, 1954 Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 Parsi Marriage Act, 1936 Anand Marriage Act, 1909 Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937

None of these codified marriage acts explicitly defines marriage as between a man and a woman. Neither do these acts explicitly prohibit same-sex unions. A single case of legal recognition of a same-sex marriage was granted by the Punjab and Haryana High Court in 2011"Lesbian newlyweds flee honor killing threats in India"

kl/R5]b–! ljjfx ;DaGwL Joj:yf ljjfxsf] kl/efiff M s'g} k'?if / dlxnfn] s'g} pT;j, ;df/f]x, cf}krfl/s jf cGo s'g} sfo{af6 Ps csf{nfO{ klt kTgLsf] ¿kdf :jLsf/ u/]df ljjfx ePsf] dflgg]5 . ljjfx k'?if / dlxnf aLr bfDkTo tyf kfl/jfl/s hLjg k|f/De ug{sf] nflu sfod ePsf] Ps :yfoL, cgltqmDo tyf :jtGq ;xdltdf cfwfl/t Ps kljq ;fdflhs tyf sfg"gL aGwg x'g]5 .

ljjfx ug]{ :jtGqtf M k|To]s JolQmnfO{ sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL ljjfx ug]{, kl/jf/ sfod ug]{ tyf kfl/jfl/s hLjgofkg ug]{ :jtGqtf x'g]5 . ljjfx h'g;'s} lsl;daf6 ePsf] eP tfklg To:tf] ljjfx ;fj{hlgs ug'{ jf u/fpg' kg]{5 . k|To]s JolQmsf] kfl/jfl/s hLjg cgltqmDo x'g]5 .

ljjfx x'g ;Sg] -s_ k'?if / dlxnfn]] Ps csf{nfO{ klt kTgLsf] ¿kdf :jLsf/ ug{ d~h'/ u/]df, -v_ sfg"g adf]lhd k'?if / dlxnf xf8gftf s/0fLdf ;hfo x'g] gftfsf] gePdf, -u_ k'?if / dlxnf b'j}sf] j}jflxs ;DaGw sfod /x]sf] cj:yf g/x]df, -3_ aL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePdf . ljjfx ePkl5 cfk;L k|]d ;befj ePsf], kfl/jfl/s hLjg :yfkgf u/]sf] / cfk;L ;xof]u ;+/If0f / ;Ddfg x'g'kg]{,

em'SofO{ ljjfx ug{ jf u/fpg x'Fb}g M– -s_ z/L/df dfgj /f]u k|lt/f]ws Ifdtf gi6 ug]{ hLjf0f' -Pr=cfO{=eL_ jf x]kf6fOl6; aL /x]sf] jf o:t} k|s[ltsf lgsf] gx'g] s8f /f]u nfu]sf], -v_ of}gfË gePsf], gk'ª\;s ePsf] jf ;Gtfg pTkfbg ug]{ Ifdtf gePsf] k|dfl0ft e};s]sf], -u_ k"0f{ ¿kdf af]Ng jf ;'Gg g;Sg], k"0f{ ¿kdf b[li6ljxLg jf s'i7 /f]uL ePsf], -3_ xf]; 7]ufgdf g/x]sf], -ª_ ljjfx e};s]sf], -r_ ue{jtL ePsf], -5_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf s;"/bf/ 7x/L cbfntaf6 ;hfo kfPsf] .

em'SofO{ ljjfx u/]sf] sf/0faf6 dsf{ kg]{ JolQmn] To:tf] ljjfx ab/ u/fpg / em'SofO{ ljjfx ug]{ jf u/fpg]af6 dgfl;a Ifltk"lt{ bfaL ug{ ;Sg]5 .

ljjfx ab/ x'g] M -s_ k'?if jf dlxnfsf] d~h'/L geO{ ePsf] ljjfx, -v_ xf8gftf s/0fLdf ;hfo x'g] gftfsf JolQmx¿ aLr ePsf] ljjfx .

ljjfx ab/ u/fpg ;Sg] M ljjfx ug]{ pd]/ k"/f gePdf, em'SofO{ ljjfx u/] jf u/fPdf, ljjfxsf] kl/0ffd :j¿k s'g} dlxnf ue{jtL ePdf jf lghaf6 lzz' hlGdPdf lghsf] d~h'/L ePdf dfq ljjfx ab/ x'g ;Sg]5 .

d'n'sL ck/fw -;+lxtf_ P]g, @)&$ Kl/R5]b !! ljjfx ;DaGwL s;"/ d+h'/L ljgf ljjfx ug{ gx'g] M ljjfx ug]{ JolQmx?sf] dGh'/L ljgf s;}n] s;}nfO{ ljjfx ug{ jf u/fpg x'Fb}g . o;/L ePsf] ljjfx jb/ x'g]5 . o:tf] s;"/ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ b'O{ jif{;Dd s}b / aL; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf x'g]5 . -@) aif{ pd]/ gk'u]sf JolQmn] lbPsf] dGh'/LnfO{ dGh'/L dflgg] 5}g ._

xf8gftfdf ljjfx ug{ gx'g] M s;}n] k/Dk/f cg';f/ rnL cfPsf] cj:yfdf jfx]s xf8gftf s/0fLdf ;hfoF x'g] gftfdf ljjfx ug{ jf u/fpg x'Fb}g . Yffxf gkfO{ ePsf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] ljjfx ab/ x'g]5 . hfgL hfgL ePsf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] ljjfx ug]{nfO{ xf8gftf s/0fLsf] s;"/df x'g] ;hfo / u/fpg]nfO{ tLg dlxgf;Dd s}b jf tLg xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 / To:tf] ljjfx :jtM ab/ x'g]5 .

afn ljjfx ug{ gx'g] ljjfx ug]{ JolQmsf] pd]/ aL; aif{ gk'uL s;}n] ljjfx ug{ jf u/fpg x'Fb}g . o:tf] ljjfx :jtM ab/ x'g]5 . o:tf] s;"/ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ tLg aif{;Dd s}b / tL; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf x'g]5 .

ljjfxdf n]gb]g ug{ gx'g] cfkm\gf] k/Dk/f b]lv rln cfPsf] ;fdfGo pkxf/, e]6L, blIf0ff jf z/L/df nufPsf] Ps;/f] uxgf afx]s ljjfx ug]{ b'nxf jf b'nxLsf tkm{jf6 s'g} lsl;dsf] rn, crn, bfOhf] jf s'g} ;DklQ dfu u/L jf n]gb]g zt{ /fvL ljjfx ug{ jf u/fpg x'b}g . o:tf] s;"/ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ tLg aif{;Dd s}b jf tL; xhf/ ?k}oFf;Dd hl/jfgf jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 .

rn, crn ;DklQ jf bfOhf] dfu ug{ gx'g] M s;}n] ljjfx u/L ;s]kl5 rn, crn ;DklQ jf bfOhf] dfu ug{ jf To:tf]] rn, crn ;DklQ jf bfOhf] glbPsf] sf/0fn] b'nxL jf lghsf gft]bf/nfO{ s'g} lsl;dn] x}/fg kfg{, ;tfpg jf s'g} cdfgaLo jf ckdfghGo Jojxf/ ug{ x'b}g . ;hfo M kfrF aif{;Dd s}b jf krf; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf jf b'a} ;hfo x'g]5 . ;DklQ lnPdf To:tf] ;DklQ ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ lkmtf{ lbg' kg]{5 .

jx'ljjfx ug{ gx'g] M ljjflxt k'?ifn] j}jflxs ;DaGw sfod /x]sf] cj:yfdf csf]{ ljjfx ug{ x'b}g . s'g} k'?if ljjflxt xf] egL hfgLhfgL To:tf] k'?if ;+u s'g} dlxnfn] ljjfx ug{ x'b}g . klt kTgLn] sfg"g adf]lhd c+zj08f u/L leGg ePdf k'?if jf dlxnfn] k'gM ljjfx ug{ ;Sg]5 . ax'ljjfx ug]{ jf u/fpg] JolQmnfO{ Ps aif{ b]lv kfFr aif{;Dd s}b / bz xhf/ ?k}ofFb]lv krf;xhf/ ?k}of;Dd hl/jfgf x'g]5 .

jx'ljjfx :jtM ab/ x'g]5 . xbDofb M eP u/]sf] s'/f yfxf kfPsf] ldltn] tLg dlxgf gf3]kl5 ph'/ nfUg] 5}g .

zf/Ll/s ;Dks{af6 lzz' hGd]df ljjfx ePsf] dflgg] M dlxnfn] ue{wf/0f u/L lzz' hlGdPsf] k|dfl0ft ePdf To:tf] k'?if / dlxnf aLr :jtM ljjfx ePsf] dflgg]5 . t/ zf/Ll/s ;Dks{af6 lzz' hlGdPsf] eP klg ;f]xL sf/0fn] k'?if / dlxnf aLr :jtM ljjfx ePsf] dflgg] 5}g M– -s_ hj/h:tL s/0fLsf] sf/0fn] dlxnfn] ue{wf/0f u/L lzz' hlGdPdf, -v_ xf8gftf s/0fLdf ;hfo x'g] gftfsf k'?if;Fusf] zf/Ll/s ;Dks{af6 dlxnfn] ue{wf/0f u/L lzz' hlGdPdf .

ljjfx jb/ ePdf jf ljjfx jb/ u/fPdf To:tf] ljjfxaf6 hlGdPsf] lzz'sf] sfg"g adf]lhdsf] xsdf s'g} c;/ kg]{ 5}g .

klt tyf kTgLn] lgj]bg lbO{ cfkm\gf] ljjfx btf{ u/fpg' kg]{5 . ljjfx btf{ ug'{ kg]{, klt tyf kTgLn] lgj]bg lbO{ cfkm\gf] ljjfx btf{ u/fpg' kg]{5 . t/ klt / kTgL b'j}n] jf s'g} Ps hgfn] ljjfx btf{ u/fpg lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 . g]kfn aflx/ a;f]af; u/]sf klt tyf kTgLn] cfk"m /x] a;]sf] d''n'sdf /x]sf] g]kfnsf] /fhb"tfaf; jf dxfjfl0fHo b"tfaf;df ljjfx btf{sf] nflu lgj]bg lbg ;Sg] 5g\ .

ljjflxt dlxnfsf] y/ k|of]u ;DaGwL Joj:yf, ljjflxtf dlxnfn] ljjfxkl5 afa' jf cfdfn] k|of]u u/]sf] y/ jf lghsf] kltsf] y/ jf b'j} y/ k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]l5g\ . ljjflxtf dlxnfsf] y/sf] ;DaGwdf s'g} k|Zg p7]df cGoyf k|dfl0ft ePsf]df afx]s lghn] cfk\mgf] kltsf] y/ k|of]u u/]sf] dflgg]5 . kltsf] y/ k|of]u u/]sL dlxnfsf] ;DaGw ljR5]b ePdf lghn] rfx]df lghsf] afa' jf cfdfn] k|of]u u/]sf] y/ k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]l5g\ .

j}jflxs ;DaGw cGTo ePsf] dflgg], -s_ ljjfx ab/ ePdf, -v_ sfg"g adf]lhd klt kTgLsf] ;DaGw ljR5]b ePdf, -u_ kTgLn] sfg"g adf]lhd ;DaGw ljR5]b gx'Fb} csf]{ ljjfx u/]df .

k'gM ljjfx ug{ ;Sg] M s'g} cj:yfdf k'?if jf dlxnfn] k'gM ljjfx ug{ ;Sg]5 M– -s_ klt kTgL aLr j}jflxs ;DaGw cGTo ePdf, -v_ klt jf kTgLsf] d[To' ePdf, -u_ klt jf kTgLn] sfg"g adf]lhd c+za08f u/L leGg ePdf . xbDofb M o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd eP u/]sf] sfd sf/afxLaf6 dsf{ kg]{ JolQmn] To:tf] sfd sf/afxL eP u/]sf] ldltn] tLg dlxgfleq gfln; ug{ ;Sg]5 .

kl/R5]b–# ;DaGw ljR5]b ;DaGwL Joj:yf b'j}sf] d~h'/Ln] ;DaGw ljR5]b ug{ ;Sg] ,

kltn] ;DaGw ljR5]b ug{ ;Sg] M klt b]xfosf s'g} cj:yfdf kTgLsf] d~h'/L geP klg ;DaGw ljR5]b ug{ ;Sg]5 M– -s_ sfg"g adf]lhd c+z lnO{ jf dfgf] 5'l§O{ klt kTgL leGg a;]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s kTgLn] kltsf] d~h'/L glnO{ nuftf/ tLg jif{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L ;dob]lv cnu a;]df, -v_ kTgLn] kltnfO{ vfg nufpg glbPdf jf 3/af6 lgsfnf ul/lbPdf, -u_ kTgLn] kltsf] cË eË x'g] jf c¿ s'g} 7"nf] zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s si6 x'g] lsl;dsf] s'g} sfd jf hfn k|k~r u/]df, -3_ kTgLn] cGo k'?if;Fu of}g ;DaGw /fv]sf] 7x/]df .

kTgLn] ;DaGw ljR5]b ug{ ;Sg] - s_ sfg"g adf]lhd c+z lnO{ jf dfgf] 5'l§O{ klt kTgL leGg a;]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s kltn] kTgLsf] d~h'/L glnO{ nuftf/ tLg jif{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L ;dob]lv cnu a;]df, -v_ kltn] kTgLnfO{ vfg nufpg glbPdf jf 3/af6 lgsfnf ul/lbPdf, -u_ kltn] kTgLsf] cË eË x'g] jf c¿ s'g} 7"nf] zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s si6 x'g] lsl;dsf] s'g} sfd jf hfn k|k~r u/]df, -3_ kltn] csf]{ ljjfx u/]df, -ª_ kltn] cGo dlxnf;Fu of}g ;DaGw /fv]sf] 7x/]df, -r_ kltn] kTgLnfO{ ha/h:tL s/0fL u/]sf] 7x/]df .

;DaGw ljR5]bsf] nflu lgj]bg lbg' kg]{]{] M ;DaGw ljR5]b ug{ rfxg] klt jf kTgLn] cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 . klt kTgLsf] d]nldnfk u/fpg' kg]{ M cbfntn] b'j} kIfnfO{ e/;s ;DemfO{ a'emfO{ d]nldnfk u/fpg' kg]{5 . ;DaGw ljR5]b ul/lbg' kg]{ M d]nldnfk u/fpg g;s]df / ljjfx sfod /fVg'eGbf ;DaGw ljR5]b x'g pko'Qm b]v]df cbfntn] lghx¿sf] ;DaGw ljR5]b ul/lbg' kg]{5 . lgj]bg k/]sf] Ps jif{kl5 cbfntn] ;DaGw ljR5]b u/fO{ lbg kg]{5 .

;DaGw ljR5]b ug'{ cl3 c+za08f ug'{ kg]{ M -!_kltsf] sf/0faf6 klt kTgL aLr ;DaGw ljR5]b x'g] cj:yfdf kTgLn] dfu u/]df ;DalGwt cbfntn] ;DaGw ljR5]b ug'{ cl3 klt kTgL aLr c+za08f ug{ nufpg' kg]{5 ;uf]nsf] ;DklQ klt kTgL b'j}sf] gfddf jf klt kTgLdWo] s'g} Pssf] gfddf /x]5 eg] ;DaGw ljR5]b x'g' cl3 lghx¿ aLr sfg"g adf]lhd To:tf] ;DklQsf] c+za08f ug'{ kg]{5 . c+za08f ubf{ nfdf] ;do nfUg] b]lvPdf cbfntn] klt kTgL aLr ;DaGw ljR5]b u/L c+za08f geP;Ddsf] nflu kltsf] ;DklQ / cfo:tfsf] cfwf/df kltaf6 kTgLnfO{ dfl;s vr{ e/fO{{ lbg ;Sg]5 . t/ To;/L c+za08f gx'Fb} To:tL dlxnfn] csf]{ ljjfx u/]df c+z kfpg] 5}g .

Psd'i7 /sd jf vr{ e/fO{{ lbg ;Sg], vfg nufpg] vr{ e/fO{{ lbg ;Sg] , ;xdlt adf]lhd x'g], kTgLsf] d[To" ePdf cl3Nnf] ;Gtfg jf kltn] ;DklQ kfpg], xbDofb M o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd eP u/]sf] sfd sf/afxLaf6 dsf{ kg]{ JolQmn] d'2f ug'{ kg]{ sf/0f pTkGg ePsf] ldltn] jf yfxf kfPsf] ldltn] tLg dlxgfleq gfln; ug{ ;Sg]5 .

kl/R5]b–% dft[s tyf k}lqs clVtof/L ;DaGwL Joj:yf cfdf afa'sf] ;'k/Lj]If0f / lgoGq0f /xg] M -!_ gfafns 5f]/f, 5f]/L cfdf, afa'sf] ;'k/Lj]If0f, lgu/fgL, lgoGq0f, ;+/If0f jf clVtof/L cGtu{t /xg]5 .

clVtof/L, k"/f ug'{ kg]{ lhDd]jf/L tyf kfngf ug'{ kg]{ -s_ cfdf jf afa'dWo] s;}sf] d[To' ePdf hLljt /x]sf] cfdf jf afa'n], -v_ cfdf jf afa'dWo] s'g} Pssf] xf]; 7]ufgdf g/x]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf] cj:yf sfod /x]sf] cjlwe/ xf]; 7]ufgdf /x]sf] cfdf jf afa'n], -u_ cfdf afa'sf] j}jflxs ;DaGw cGTo ePsf] jf sfg"g adf]lhd leGg a;]sf]df gfafns lhDdf lng] cfdf jf afa'n], -3_ afa'sf] 7]ufg gnfu]sf] gfafns eP cfdfn] .

dft[s tyf k}lqs clVtof/Ldf /f]s nufpg ;Sg] M -s_ s|"/, cdfgjLo jf oftgfk"0f{ ;hfo lbPsf] jf Jojxf/ u/]sf], -v_ k6s–k6s pk]Iff jf x]nf u/]sf] jf b'?kof]u u/]sf], -u_ cg}lts jf of}ghGo k]zfdf nufPsf], -3_ hLp, Hofg jf :jf:Yodf vt/f x'g ;Sg] sfddf nufPsf], -ª_ lghsf] lxt ljk/Lt lghsf] ;DklQ vr{ u/L xflg, gf]S;fgL u/]sf] jf kl5 cfkm"n] lng] dg;fon] c¿ s;}nfO{ laqmL u/]sf], -r_ ;Gof;L, kmls/, leIf', kfZr/, gg agfO{ jf o:t} k|sf/n] u[x:y hLjg TofUg afWo ul/Psf], -5_ wfld{s jf ;fF:s[lts /Lltl:yltsf] kfngf ubf{sf] cj:yfdf afx]s lghnfO{ leIff dfUg] sfddf nufPsf], -h_ sfg"g adf]lhd s;"/ x'g] cGo s'g} sfd ug{ nufPsf] .

dft[s tyf k}lqs clVtof/L cGTo x'g] - s_ lghsf] pd]/ c7f/ jif{ k"/f ePdf, -v_ lghn] /f]huf/L k|fKt u/L leGg a;]df . t/ s'g} 5f]/f 5f]/L zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s ¿kn] czQm ePsf]df lghn] ljjfx u/L leGg a;]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s lgh pk/sf] dft[s tyf k}lqs clVtof/L cGTo x'g] 5}g . xbDofb M o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd eP u/]sf] sfd sf/afxLaf6 dsf{ kg]{ JolQmn] To:tf] sfd sf/afxL eP u/]sf] ldltn] 5 dlxgfleq gfln; ug{ ;Sg]5

kl/R5]b–^ ;+/IfsTj ;DaGwL Joj:yf b]xfosf k|fyldstfqmdsf] JolQm c;Ifd jf cw{;Ifd JolQmsf] :jtM ;+/Ifs x'g]5 M– -s_ Psf;uf]nsf klt jf kTgL, -v_ afa' jf cfdf, -u_ Psf;uf]nsf 5f]/f, 5f]/L jf ljwjf a'xf/L, -3_ leGg ePsf klt jf kTgL, -ª_ leGg ePsf] 5f]/f, 5f]/L jf ljwjf a'xf/L, -r_ afh] jf ah}, -5_ gflt jf gfltgL, -h_ bfh', efO jf lbbL, alxgL -em_ dfjnLkl§sf afh], ah}, dfdf, dfOh'

JolQm ;+/Ifs x'g]5 M b]xfosf cj:yfdf bsf] -s_ Pp6} qmdsf PseGbf a9L JolQm ;+/Ifs x'g] ePdf lghx¿n] cfk;L ;xdlt u/] adf]lhdsf] JolQm / To;/L ;xdlt x'g g;s]df cbfntn] tf]s] adf]lhdsf] JolQm, -v_ dfgl;s ¿kdf :j:y ePsf] / bz jif{ pd]/ k"/f u/]sf] JolQmsf] xsdf lghn] /f]h]sf] JolQm, t/ To;/L ;+/Ifs /f]Hbf ;f]sf] lnvt u/L cbfntaf6 k|dfl0ft ug'{ kg]{5 . -u_ sfg"g adf]lhd j}jflxs ;DaGw cGTo ePsf bDkltsf] gfafns eP lghnfO{ kfngkf]if0f ug]{ afa' jf cfdf, -3_ klxnf] k|fyldstf qmdsf] s'g} JolQm ;+/Ifs x'g grfx]df, lgh xf]; 7]ufgfdf g/x]df, j]kQf ePdf jf lghn] ;+/Ifssf] x}l;otn] sfd gu/]df ;f]eGbf tNnf] k|fyldstfqmdsf] JolQm .

;+:yf ;+/Ifs ePsf] dflgg] cbfntn] ;+/Ifs lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg],

kl/R5]b–& dfyj/ ;DaGwL Joj:yf kl/R5]b–^ adf]lhdsf] s'g} ;+/Ifs gePdf lgh c7f/ jif{ k"/f geP;Dd lghsf] kfngkf]if0f, :jf:Yo, lzIff, x]/ljrf/ tyf ;DklQsf] ;+/If0f ug{sf] nflu s'g} JolQmn] To:tf] gfafnssf] dfyj/sf] x}l;otn] sfd ug{ ;Sg]5 . Dffyj/ ePsf] s'/f cbfntaf6 k|df0fLt u/fpg' kg]{,

xf]; 7]ufgdf g/x]sf] JolQmsf] dfyj/ x'g] gfafnssf] dfyj/ cfdf x'g ;Sg] M ;Ël7t ;+:yf dfyj/ x'g] M cbfntn] dfyj/ lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg] dfyj/sf] of]Uotf M bkmf !$! adf]lhd ;+/Ifs x'g cof]Uo JolQm afx]s cGo JolQm dfyj/ x'g ;Sg]5 .

dfyj/L :jtM cGTo x'g - s_ gfafns eP lghsf] pd]/ c7f/ jif{ k"/f ePdf, -v_ xf]; 7]ufgdf g/x]sf] JolQm eP lghsf] xf]; 7]ufgdf /x]df, -u_ gfafnssf] cfdf jf afa' jf b'j}n] gfafnsnfO{ cfkm\gf] lhDdf lnPsf]df, -3_ gfafns jf xf]; 7]ufgdf g/x]sf] JolQmsf] ;+/Ifs lgo'lQm ePdf, -ª_ cbfntn] dfyj/Laf6 x6fPdf, -r_ dfyj/sf]] of]Uotf gePdf jf g/x]df, -5_ dfyj/ x'g] jf dfyj/Ldf /x]sf] JolQmsf] d[To' ePdf .

kl/R5]b–* wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL ;DaGwL Joj:yf 5f]/f 5f]/L x'g]n] wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL /fVg gkfpg] M -!_ o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd 5f]/f x'g]n] wd{k'q / 5f]/L x'g]n] wd{k'qL /fVg kfpg] 5}g . h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg Goflos k[ysLs/0f u/L leGg a;]sf] dlxnf jf k'?if;Fu 5f]/f 5f]/L ;Fu} ga;]df o:tf k'?if jf dlxnfn] wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL /fVg kfpg]5g\ .

cfkm\gf 5f]/f jf 5f]/L x'g] s'g} JolQmn] cGo afnaflnsfnfO{ kfngkf]if0f, :jf:Yo, lzIff tyf x]/rfxsf] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg] cfly{s x}l;ot v'nfO{ wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL /fVgsf] nflu cbfntdf lgj]bg lbPdf / To:tf] lgj]bg hfFra'em ubf{ lgj]bsdf To:tf] x}l;ot /x]sf] b]lvPdf cbfntn] lgj]bsnfO{ wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL /fVg cg'dlt lbg ;Sg]5 .

b]xfosf s'g} JolQmn] afnaflnsfnfO{ wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL /fVg ;Sg]5 M– -s_ ljjfx ePsf] bz jif{;Dd klg 5f]/f jf 5f]/L gx'g] bDklt, -v_ k}FtfnL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsL cljjflxtf, ljwjf, ;DaGw ljR5]b jf Goflos k[ysLs/0f u/L a;]sL 5f]/f jf 5f]/L gx'g] dlxnf, -u_ k}FtfnL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf] cljjflxt, ljw'/, ;DaGw ljR5]b jf Goflos k[ysLs/0f u/L a;]sf] 5f]/f jf 5f]/L gx'g] k'?if .

b]xfosf s'g} JolQmn] wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL /fVg ;Sg] 5}g M– -s_ xf]; 7]ufgdf gePsf], -v_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf cbfntaf6 s;"/bf/ 7xl/Psf]], -u_ gfafnsnfO{ kfngkf]if0f, :jf:Yo, lzIff, v]ns'b, dgf]/~hg tyf x]/rfxsf] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg] cfly{s x}l;ot gePsf] . ;uf]nsf klt jf kTgLn] wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL /fVbf Ps csf{sf] d~h'/L lng' kg]{5 .

b]xfosf s'g} JolQmnfO{ wd{k'q jf wd{k'qLsf] ¿kdf lng jf lbg x'Fb}gM– -s_ rf}w jif{ pd]/ k"/f u/]sf], -v_ Pp6f dfq 5f]/f jf 5f]/Lsf] ¿kdf /x]sf], -u_ Psk6s wd{k'q jf wd{k'qLsf] ¿kdf lnOPsf], -3_ wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL /fVg] JolQm eGbf dflyNnf] gftfsf], -ª_ u}/g]kfnL gful/s . t/ ljb]zL gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf] u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnL gful/ssf] xsdf o; v08sf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .

tLg k':tfleqsf] gftfsf] JolQm jf kTgLsf] k"j{ klt tkm{ 5f]/f jf 5f]/L ePdf rf}w jif{ gf3]sf] JolQmnfO{ klg wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL /fVg ;lsg]5 . wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL x'g] / /fVg]sf] pd]/sf] km/s M -!_ wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL x'g] / wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL /fVg] JolQmsf] pd]/ sDtLdf kRrL; jif{ km/s x'g' kg]{5 .

wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL /fVbfsf] sfo{ljlw M s;}n] s'g]} afnaflnsfnfO{ wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL /fVg rfx]df sfg"gsf] /Lt k'¥ofO{ wd{k'q jf wd{k'qLsf] lnvt ;lxt ;DalGwt cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .

kl/R5]b–( cGt/b]zLo wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL ;DaGwL Joj:yf s'g} ljb]zLn] g]kfnL gful/s jf g]kfndf a;f]af; u/]sf] ljb]zLsf] s'g} gfafnsnfO{ wd{k'q jf wd{k'qLsf] ¿kdf :jLsf/ u/]df cGt/b]zLo ¿kdf wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL :jLsf/ u/]sf] dflgg]5 .

cg'dlt glnO{ wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL /fVg gkfpg] M -!_ s'g} ljb]zLn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cg'dlt glnO{ s'g} g]kfnL gful/s jf g]kfndf a;f]af; u/]sf] ljb]zLsf] s'g} afnaflnsfnfO{ wd{k'q jf wd{k'qLsf] ¿kdf /fVg kfpg] 5}g . -@_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L g]kfndf cGt/b]zLo wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL :jLsf/ ug{ ;lsg] u/L v'Nnf ul/Psf d'n'ssf gful/s jf bDktLnfO{ dfq o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL /fVg cg'dlt lbOg]5 .

wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL lbFbf afnaflnsfsf] ;jf{]Qd lxt ;'lglZrtug'{kg]{ ljb]zLnfO{ wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL u|x0f ug{ lbg' cl3 g]kfn ;/sf/n] afnaflnsfsf] ;jf{]Qd lxt, lghsf] dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / To:tf] afnaflnsf ckx/0f, a]rlavg jf cGo s'g} lsl;dn] b'?kof]u x'g] jf gx'g] tkm{ ljrf/ ug'{ kg]{5 . s'g} afnaflnsf ljb]zLnfO{ wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL u|x0f ug{ lbg plrt b]lvPdf dfq o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL u|x0f ug{ cg'dlt lbOg]5 .

cGt/b]zLo wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL af]8{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf M s'g} afnaflnsf ljb]zLnfO{ wd{k'q jf wd{k'qLsf] ¿kdf u|x0f ug{ cg'dltsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu s]Gb|Lo lgsfosf] ¿kdf sfo{ ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L Ps cGt/b]zLo wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL af]8{ u7g ug{ jf s'g} ;/sf/L lgsfonfO{ To:tf] sfd ug{] u/L tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .

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